這份特別定制的“人教版課件”特別適合您,希望我們都能成為更好的自己。教案是老師上課之前需要備好的課件,每個(gè)老師都需要仔細(xì)規(guī)劃教案課件。教案的具體實(shí)施是體現(xiàn)教師專業(yè)素養(yǎng)的重要標(biāo)志。
《霧凇》是一片寫景的課文,作者以的語言,描繪了,字里行間流露出作者對(duì)大自然、對(duì)祖國(guó)河山的熱愛之情。
設(shè)計(jì)理念:這篇課文向我們介紹了中國(guó)四大自然奇觀之一的吉林霧凇,重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)是要讓學(xué)生理解霧凇是怎樣形成這樣一個(gè)過程。由于學(xué)生生活在南方,根本沒有見過霧凇,甚至有的同學(xué)根本不知道霧凇是什么,因此,在學(xué)習(xí)中,學(xué)生無法找到建構(gòu)的舊知,給教學(xué)帶來了困難。要對(duì)于四年級(jí)的學(xué)生來說,理解這樣一個(gè)物理變化有一定的難度,在教學(xué)的過程中,以讀代講,通過讀來理解和感悟,能讓學(xué)生輕松快樂地學(xué)習(xí)。本課的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),著力體現(xiàn)“尊重學(xué)生主體,著眼學(xué)生發(fā)展”的理念,立足于自能讀書,著眼于自主發(fā)展。主要表現(xiàn)為以下幾個(gè)方面:
1、讀中入境,讀中悟境。這是一篇文筆優(yōu)美的文章。因此重點(diǎn)應(yīng)讓學(xué)生在讀中整體感知,在讀中有所感悟,在讀中培養(yǎng)語感。在教師的指導(dǎo)下,讓學(xué)生讀得充分、悟得深刻、述得到位。
2、巧設(shè)情境,激發(fā)靈感。由于學(xué)生生活在南方,根本沒有見過霧凇,甚至有的同學(xué)根本不知霧凇是什么,因此,在學(xué)習(xí)中,學(xué)生無法找到建構(gòu)的舊知,給教學(xué)帶來了困難。為此,教師用精心設(shè)計(jì)的教學(xué)語言,豐富真實(shí)的情感和制作精美的多媒體課件,構(gòu)建一個(gè)廣闊的心理場(chǎng)作用于學(xué)生心理,從而促使他們主動(dòng)積極地投入到整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中,產(chǎn)生細(xì)致的情感體驗(yàn)。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1、正確、流利、有感情地朗讀課文。
2、了解吉林霧凇奇觀形成的原因以及霧凇的奇異景象,使學(xué)生受到美的陶冶。
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn):了解吉林霧凇奇觀形成的原因及霧凇的奇異景象,感受霧凇的美。
同學(xué)們,上節(jié)課我們初步了解了聞名全國(guó)的吉林霧凇奇觀。這晶瑩奪目的霧凇一定給大家留下了什么深刻的印象?
1 霧凇很美,大家想不想親身去吉林欣賞這美麗的霧凇呢?讓我們一起走進(jìn)吉林去感受這美麗奇特的霧凇。(播放錄象,老師作講解)
它,像盎然怒放的銀花,晶瑩閃爍。
它,像高山上的雪蓮,韻味濃郁。
它,似梨花攀枝,潔白高雅,壯麗多嬌。
它,像氣勢(shì)磅礴的落雪,把神州點(diǎn)綴得繁花似錦。
1課文中是怎樣來形容霧凇的呢?請(qǐng)大家打開課本,自己來讀讀第一小節(jié)。
(1)多美的霧淞??!文中是怎樣形容霧凇的呢?
(2)出示“松花江畔的十里長(zhǎng)堤上,潔白晶瑩的霜花綴滿了枝頭,在陽光的照耀下,銀光閃爍,美麗動(dòng)人?!?/p>
老師請(qǐng)一位同學(xué)來讀讀這句話,其他同學(xué)思考,你從這句話中哪兒感受到霧凇的美了?
霧凇有著如雪般潔白,似銀樣閃爍的容顏,那晶瑩的霜花綴滿枝頭,奇妙的美景綿延千里,難怪作者要說它是奇觀。
4小結(jié):聽了同學(xué)們的朗讀,施老師仿佛看到,在那三九嚴(yán)寒,大地冰封的時(shí)候,松花江畔的霧凇潔白晶瑩,銀光閃爍,真是一道美麗的風(fēng)景線呀,讓我們一起來讀一讀第一小節(jié),再次感受它的美。(齊讀)
過渡:是呀,棵棵楊柳宛若玉枝垂掛,簇簇松針恰似銀菊怒放,晶瑩多姿,垂柳青枝變成瓊枝玉樹,一片晶瑩潔白,江岸霧氣繚繞,人在其中,猶入仙境,相信你們也感受到他的美了。
1 、觀賞著這千姿百態(tài)的瓊枝玉樹,你想贊美一下它的美,好嗎?
你怎么理解這句詩(shī)的?能結(jié)合課文談?wù)勀愕目捶▎幔?/p>
3、你說得真好,老師感受到你欣喜驚訝的感情了,同學(xué)們感受到了嗎?
4、讓我們一起去漫步松花江畔,感受一下這如詩(shī)如畫的美景,齊讀一下第三小節(jié),好嗎?(齊讀第三節(jié))
小結(jié):松花江畔的霧凇有的像盎然怒放的銀花,有的像氣勢(shì)磅礴的落雪,有的像精美的藝術(shù)品,有的似煙似霧,真是……(投影并板書千姿百態(tài),瓊枝玉樹)
過渡:吉林霧凇的景觀很美(板書:景觀),它們爭(zhēng)奇斗艷,獨(dú)具魅力的風(fēng)姿,是神州大地北國(guó)風(fēng)光的景中之絕,但令五洲四海慕名而來的無數(shù)中外賓朋感到奇怪的是:這聞名遐邇的自然奇觀——吉林霧凇是怎樣形成的呢?(板書:形成 課件)
a、霧凇是怎樣形成的?
b、吉林霧凇形成的過程是怎樣的?
同學(xué)們可以任選一個(gè)先自己在課文第二節(jié)中找找答案,然后四人小組討論交流一下。
2、你們找到答案了嗎,誰來說說,霧淞是怎樣形成的?
(1)、霧凇,俗稱樹掛,是在嚴(yán)寒季節(jié)里,空氣中過于飽和的水汽遇冷凝結(jié)而成的。(板書)
a從這句話中你能發(fā)現(xiàn)霧凇形成的條件嗎?(過于飽和的水汽、遇冷、凝結(jié))
(2)、吉林有“過于飽和的水汽”嗎?你是從哪里看出來?
a、“從當(dāng)年12月至……陣陣霧氣?!保ㄟ@些過于飽和的水汽能遇冷凝結(jié)嗎?你又是從哪里看出來的?)
(3)世界最大的水利樞紐——我國(guó)的三峽水庫(kù)同樣有飽和的水汽,但在它附近能形成霧凇嗎?(沒有一定的低溫)
吉林并不是我國(guó)最寒冷的地方,為什么在東北三省的其他地方?jīng)]有霧凇呢?(沒有飽和的水汽)
所以只有這兩個(gè)前提條件都符合了,才可以形成霧淞。而且他們形成的過程也是非常美的。
3、是的,霧越來越濃,蒸騰的霧氣受冷后凝成的冰晶把松針、柳枝裹了一層又一層。但是這個(gè)形成的過程的速度是很——慢的
(2)你能把這種緩慢的過程讀出來嗎?先自己試一試。
(3)同學(xué)們,就是這樣,霧氣一層又一層地給松針、柳枝鍍上了白銀,在這過程中,霧凇先是什么樣的,慢慢變成什么樣,最后又是什么樣的?
5、你覺得他哪些地方讀美了,哪些地方還需要改進(jìn)?
6、讀這句話應(yīng)該讀出語氣的變化,先是輕輕的,緩緩的,后來就變成欣喜的語氣了,誰再來試試?
7、(出示課件)這么美麗的霧凇原來是這樣形成的啊,我們?cè)俳o大家介紹一下好嗎?(出示第二小節(jié))齊讀:
8、小結(jié):
霧凇如雪般潔白,似銀樣閃爍,晶瑩的霜花綴滿枝頭,奇妙的美景綿延千里,形成的過程又如此奇妙美麗,難怪作者說它是……(聞名全國(guó)的奇觀,板書)
霧凇的美,美在壯觀,美在奇絕。觀賞霧凇,講究的是"夜看霧,晨看掛,待到近午賞落花”,1990年1月9日前xxxx爺爺?shù)郊忠暡?,在觀賞了美麗動(dòng)人的霧凇奇觀后吟誦了一首詩(shī),大家想不想知道?
寒江雪柳日新晴,
玉樹瓊花滿目春。
歷盡天華成此景,
人間萬事出艱辛。
六、作業(yè)布置 請(qǐng)選擇一題,認(rèn)真完成。
1、摘抄好詞佳句。
2、有感情地朗讀自己喜歡的段落。
3、選擇一段課文背誦。
4、為《霧凇》編一段廣告宣傳詞。
5、試著給課文中的插圖配一段解說詞。
我們祖國(guó)風(fēng)景優(yōu)美,資源豐富,名山勝水?dāng)?shù)不勝數(shù),像我們學(xué)過的《九寨溝》,還有和吉林霧凇并稱為中國(guó)四大自然奇觀的桂林山水、云南石林、長(zhǎng)江三峽等,老師希望大家回去閱讀一些介紹祖國(guó)名勝的文章,課后和同學(xué)們一起來交流,好嗎?
一、教學(xué)要求:
1、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),了解吉林霧凇是怎么形成的,體會(huì)作者描述之精妙。
2、有感情地朗讀課文,領(lǐng)略霧凇的奇特景觀,激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)祖國(guó)大好河山的熱愛之情。
上節(jié)課,我們學(xué)習(xí)了課文的生字詞,初步了解了文章大意,這節(jié)課繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)課文《霧凇》。(齊讀課題:霧凇)
霧凇是松花江畔的一大奇觀(板書:奇觀)。為什么說它是奇觀呢?這節(jié)課我們就一起跟隨作者去吉林領(lǐng)略霧凇的奇特之美。
師:同學(xué)們說得真好!請(qǐng)打開書本,齊讀第一自然段,看看作者是怎么描繪眼中的霧凇的?哪個(gè)詞寫出了作者的感受。
②課件出示,請(qǐng)找出有關(guān)語句,用“ ”劃出來,重點(diǎn)詞用小圓點(diǎn)標(biāo)出。
師:看來,同學(xué)們都讀好了,現(xiàn)在就請(qǐng)同學(xué)來讀讀你畫好的句子,其他同學(xué)認(rèn)真聽。
師評(píng):“潔白晶瑩”寫出了霧凇的?(顏色美)“銀光閃爍”寫出了霧凇的?(光澤美)
師:讓我們?cè)賮碜x一讀,進(jìn)一步體會(huì)霧凇的美麗、奇特。
(生答)哇!這么大!所以作者說它是――奇觀!
過渡:這樣的奇觀究竟是怎么形成的?現(xiàn)在我們來讀第二自然段,找出概括霧凇形成的一句話,并用筆畫下來。
1、齊讀這句話,看看霧凇形成需要哪些條件?
2、請(qǐng)大家繼續(xù)看課文,從哪些詞句中看出吉林就具備了飽和的水汽的嚴(yán)寒呢?自讀課文,同位討論,找出語句,讀一讀。
3、課件出示填空題。
(1)從當(dāng)年到間,松花江上游豐滿水庫(kù)里的水從發(fā)電站排出時(shí),水溫在左右。這樣,松花江流經(jīng)市區(qū)的時(shí)候,非但,而且江面上總是著霧氣。
(2)每當(dāng)夜幕降臨,氣溫下降到左右時(shí),這霧氣便隨風(fēng)飄蕩,
這飽和的汽體從哪里來的?
指名說,師相機(jī)指導(dǎo)。
以“零下30攝氏度”、“擁”、“籠罩”、“淹沒”可以看出怎樣?
指名回答,水汽多。
齊讀這兩句話。
4、師:有了飽和的水汽和嚴(yán)寒,霧氣是怎么凝結(jié)成霧凇呢?
5、課件出示了“這蒸騰的霧氣,……會(huì)都是銀松雪柳了”
齊讀。
思考:霧氣是怎么凝結(jié)在松針、柳枝上的?找出凝結(jié)成霧凇過程的詞語。
指名說:慢慢地、輕輕地、一層又一層地,最初逐漸最后。
6、假如把這三層意思用三句話來寫.
這蒸騰的霧氣,輕輕地……鍍上了白銀。
這蒸騰的霧氣,一層又一層地……鍍上了白銀。
指名讀,你感覺怎么樣?
作者只用一句話來寫,把霧氣凝結(jié)時(shí)的情形既生動(dòng)具體,又十分精煉,讓我們?cè)賮硇蕾p一下,齊讀。
課件出示:最初像銀線,逐漸變成銀條,最后十里長(zhǎng)堤上全都是銀松雪松了。
這句話寫出了什么?進(jìn)一步說明了上一句中的哪個(gè)詞。
朗讀這一句話。
課件出示第二自然段。
過渡,你站在松花江邊,欣賞著霧凇奇觀,你會(huì)發(fā)出怎樣的感嘆呢?
松花江畔的人們清晨觀賞著這千姿百態(tài)的瓊枝玉樹時(shí)是如何感嘆呢?
作者引用古人描寫雪景的詩(shī)句,寫出了霧凇的美和奇。
課件出示第三自然段,指導(dǎo)朗讀(讀出對(duì)霧凇奇觀的感嘆)。
[四]總結(jié)。
通過這堂課的學(xué)習(xí),我們不但欣賞了霧凇奇特的景象,而且了解了霧凇形成的過程,吉林霧凇真是聞名全國(guó)的自然奇觀,讓我們?cè)匐S作者一起去欣賞這聞名全國(guó)的奇觀。
課件出示霧凇圖片欣賞。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1.能讀準(zhǔn)字音,將課文讀通順。
2.說出霧凇是什么樣子。
3.能說出霧淞形成的原因。
4.能背誦課文。
教學(xué)要求:
1.正確、流利、有感情的朗讀課文,背誦課文。
2.學(xué)會(huì)本課生字新詞。
3.了解霧淞形成的原因及霧淞的奇異景象。
教學(xué)重難點(diǎn):
1.簡(jiǎn)介:中國(guó)有四大奇觀,長(zhǎng)江三峽、云南石林、桂林山水、吉林霧凇。
3.檢查學(xué)生字音朗讀情況,正音。
4.檢查學(xué)生課文朗讀情況,指導(dǎo)朗讀長(zhǎng)句。
觀察插圖,理解文章內(nèi)容。
1.三九嚴(yán)寒時(shí)期,在松花江畔人們可以看到什么樣的景象?
2.這些霧凇給你什么樣的感覺?誰來背誦課文。
2.小組交流討論。
在討論還有什么不明白的?
抓住“漸漸的”、“慢慢的”、“輕輕的”這3個(gè)疊詞指導(dǎo)朗讀。
抓住“最初--逐漸--最后--”指導(dǎo)學(xué)生有感情朗讀,體會(huì)變化過程。
1.人們?cè)鯓淤潎@霧凇的?
2.怎樣才能讀出贊嘆的語氣?
3.看圖理解“千姿百態(tài)”、“瓊枝玉樹”
背誦課文二三兩段。
[《霧凇》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)]
我設(shè)計(jì)這節(jié)課,遵循了新課程的理念,充分體現(xiàn)了學(xué)生的主體作用,教師的主導(dǎo)作用,達(dá)到了預(yù)設(shè)的效果,我認(rèn)為自己做得比較好的方面有:
1、整節(jié)課思路清晰,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,層層遞進(jìn)。
本節(jié)課由一個(gè)事例貫穿整個(gè)過程。一開始使用樂樂參與一個(gè)公司LoGo設(shè)計(jì)事例引出課題:無形的財(cái)產(chǎn)。然后通過樂樂設(shè)計(jì)的LoGo和農(nóng)民勞動(dòng)收獲的果實(shí)相比得出智力成果的概念,再通過對(duì)公司擅自使用樂樂作品侵權(quán)行為討論得出公民有智力成果權(quán),要依法維護(hù)智力成果權(quán)……,整節(jié)課把知識(shí)和樂樂的案例有機(jī)結(jié)合起來,形成了一個(gè)思路清晰,邏輯嚴(yán)密的'主線。
2、充分挖掘了學(xué)生資源。
課本是我們教學(xué)、學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的直接資源,但只用課本的有限資源上課,很難激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣。課前調(diào)查顯示,大部分學(xué)生有一種看法,認(rèn)為中學(xué)生能創(chuàng)造智力成果還是少數(shù),智力成果權(quán)離自己太遠(yuǎn),如果上課時(shí)不能挖掘?qū)W生身上的資源,整節(jié)課可能就游離于學(xué)生之外,使教學(xué)效果大打折扣。因此本節(jié)課我在挖掘?qū)W生資源上下足了功夫,首先是智力成果發(fā)布會(huì),讓學(xué)生展示自己的智力成果,學(xué)生積極性很高,這個(gè)活動(dòng)為課堂增添了很多活力,這無疑都是學(xué)生資源創(chuàng)造的課堂高潮;通過這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)也讓學(xué)生明白了智力成果其實(shí)離自己很近。
3、充分體現(xiàn)了學(xué)生的主體性。
首先是課堂設(shè)計(jì),在突破本節(jié)課重點(diǎn)“盜版光盤該不該買”時(shí),我設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查,這樣可以讓課堂討論圍繞本班的存在的問題有的放矢進(jìn)行;其次在課堂上,我注重學(xué)生主體性,采用討論,對(duì)話的形式,讓學(xué)生在對(duì)話討論中自主建構(gòu)知識(shí)。例如對(duì)“盜版光盤該不該買”討論,通過小組合作討論,小組間的對(duì)話,老師和同學(xué)之間的對(duì)話,讓學(xué)生在對(duì)話中形成自己的知識(shí)和觀念。使本節(jié)課的情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)在得到實(shí)現(xiàn)和升華。
當(dāng)然,本節(jié)課也給我留下遺憾,在別的班試教的時(shí)候,大部分學(xué)生都是主張購(gòu)買盜版光碟,可是到最后一個(gè)班上課的時(shí)候變成大部分同學(xué)都不主張購(gòu)買盜版光碟,一下子還不轉(zhuǎn)過彎,因此,在教學(xué)機(jī)智方面我還須下更大的工夫。
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1、強(qiáng)化學(xué)生《繁星春水》閱讀的真實(shí)性和有效性。
2、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握閱讀詩(shī)歌類名著的基本方法,進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)學(xué)生閱讀名著的興趣。
3、讀《繁星》和《春水》,感受作者的思想感情,交流心得,養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。
教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)
重點(diǎn):明確做讀書筆記的幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法和寫讀后感的步驟。
難點(diǎn):在對(duì)冰心的詩(shī)歌反復(fù)朗誦的過程中,把握富有感染力的詩(shī)句,感受作者的思想感情,寫出自己的讀后感。
教學(xué)過程時(shí)間
一、導(dǎo)入新課
同學(xué)們都讀過哪些文學(xué)名著呢?你認(rèn)為讀名著有什么好處呢?(學(xué)生踴躍發(fā)言)
教師小結(jié):(名著,是“具有推崇價(jià)值的有名的作品”。經(jīng)典名著的價(jià)值在于典范的語言,在于精彩的故事,在于典型的人物,在于深刻而獨(dú)到的主題,它給予人心靈的滋養(yǎng)。——這就是文學(xué)的魅力)
著名作家冰心老人的一句話“讀書好,多讀書,讀好書?!本褪菍?duì)名著閱讀最好的詮釋。
二、背小詩(shī),知作者
師朗誦:母親啊,天上的風(fēng)雨來了——生齊接下句:鳥兒躲到它的巢里,心中的風(fēng)雨來了,我只躲在你的懷里。
師述:在《繁星春水》中,冰心把母愛視為最崇高的最美好的東西,反復(fù)地加以歌頌,詩(shī)人以生動(dòng)形象的比喻,把母愛之情傳達(dá)出來,寫得情真意切,感人肺腑。對(duì)母愛的歌頌,奠定了這兩部作品深沉細(xì)膩的感情基調(diào),與母愛緊密相連的,便是對(duì)童真、童趣、童心以及一切新生事物的真愛。
師朗誦:萬千的天使,要起來歌頌小孩子——生齊接下句:小孩子!他那細(xì)小的身軀里,含著偉大的靈魂。
師述:在詩(shī)人眼里,充滿童趣的世界才是人世間最美的世界。在冰心看來,人類來自自然,歸于自然,人與自然應(yīng)該是和諧一致的。
師朗誦:我們都是自然的嬰孩——生齊接下句:臥在宇宙的搖籃里。
師述:冰心還將母愛、童真、自然融為一體。
師朗誦:造物者——,倘若在永久的生命中——生齊接下句:只容有一次相樂的應(yīng)許,我要至誠(chéng)的求著:我在母親的懷里,母親在小舟里,小舟在月明的大海里。
師述:多美呀!冰心把母愛、童真、自然完美的融合在一起,營(yíng)造出一個(gè)至善至美的世界,感情誠(chéng)摯深沉,語言清新典雅,給人以無窮的回味與啟迪。我們集體背誦了一些小詩(shī),哪位同學(xué)能來背一背自己喜歡的小詩(shī)呢?
生背誦,自由展示。
在詩(shī)歌中我們知道了冰心的溫柔、愛心、機(jī)敏、才智,你還知道冰心的哪些事情?
生自由發(fā)言。多媒體出示相應(yīng)圖片、視頻。
三、選小詩(shī),贈(zèng)親友
古人以畫贈(zèng)友,以歌贈(zèng)友,以文贈(zèng)友,是一件風(fēng)雅、高尚的活動(dòng),今天我們也來一次贈(zèng)詩(shī)活動(dòng)。用“我要把這首詩(shī)送給,因?yàn)椤钡木涫絹斫涣鳌?/p>
老師對(duì)學(xué)生的發(fā)言進(jìn)行點(diǎn)評(píng),或贊同或補(bǔ)充,或質(zhì)疑或深化。
學(xué)生自由發(fā)言。老師給予點(diǎn)評(píng)。
四、寫小詩(shī),訴真情
看到這種小詩(shī),同學(xué)們也會(huì)想一試身手吧些,請(qǐng)有模仿寫作并大聲朗誦,說說自己的創(chuàng)作靈感,同學(xué)們自由點(diǎn)評(píng),可以提問,可以質(zhì)疑。
老師點(diǎn)評(píng)詩(shī)作,或鼓勵(lì)寫作,或幫助修改,或談自己感受。
五、交流收獲
同學(xué)們,說一說你閱讀《繁星春水》有哪些收獲?你認(rèn)為哪些閱讀名著的方法適合你?學(xué)生自由發(fā)言。
六、深入閱讀
《電阻》這一節(jié)知識(shí)內(nèi)容不算太難,學(xué)生對(duì)電阻定律的認(rèn)識(shí)關(guān)鍵在于實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)用到的主要方法是控制變量法。我上完課后,認(rèn)真反思,記錄下下列問題。
1、在課題的引入上,“為什么用銅鋁做導(dǎo)線”,學(xué)生經(jīng)過初中的學(xué)習(xí)回答這樣的問題是很簡(jiǎn)單的,如果能進(jìn)一步追問“銅做的導(dǎo)線是不是一定比鋁做的導(dǎo)線電阻小?”這樣在引入上可能更順暢一些,與本節(jié)課的知識(shí)關(guān)聯(lián)性更強(qiáng)一些。
2、學(xué)生在進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候,幾乎全部的同學(xué)操作、動(dòng)手能力還非常的薄弱,這方面主要還是因?yàn)闂l件限制和以前的不重視。實(shí)驗(yàn)室在此之前幾乎沒什么器材,現(xiàn)在多了一些,但能做的實(shí)驗(yàn)非常有限,所以今后應(yīng)多做實(shí)驗(yàn),并且希望能把以前本應(yīng)該做而沒有做的補(bǔ)上。
3、這節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)是電阻概念及其三個(gè)決定因素,在這方面的練習(xí)還不夠。
4、為增強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣,應(yīng)多展示一些電路板上電阻實(shí)物和圖片,以及介紹人體電阻等等
知識(shí)與技能:(1)整體感知課文,理解文章所表達(dá)的思想感情。
(2)品味文章畫面的優(yōu)美和細(xì)節(jié)的動(dòng)人。
過程和方法:學(xué)生通過正確流利、有感情的朗讀課文來理解課文內(nèi)容。
教學(xué)重點(diǎn):整體感知課文內(nèi)容,培養(yǎng)尊老愛幼、珍愛親情、珍愛生命的情感。
孝敬父母、尊老愛幼是我們中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德,也體現(xiàn)著人世間美好的情感――親情。其實(shí),在我們成長(zhǎng)的過程中一直都沐浴著親情。哪位同學(xué)能聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,說說你都感受到了哪些親情?(學(xué)生舉例回答,教師予以肯定)像在日常生活中全家人一起吃飯、看電視、聊天等等。哪怕是一家人一起散步這樣平常的小事,也能體現(xiàn)出濃濃的親情。《散步》這篇課文就為我們講述了這樣一個(gè)感人的故事。
(1)請(qǐng)同學(xué)們用溫和、親切又含著莊重的語氣,平穩(wěn)的語調(diào)將課文自由地朗讀一遍(6分鐘完成)
(2)輪讀課文(一人讀一節(jié),共八人讀),比誰讀得準(zhǔn)確、流利、有感情(如有讀錯(cuò)字音的,則老師叫停,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生更正,并板書正確的字音)(6分鐘完成)
請(qǐng)同學(xué)們自由朗讀課文后,思考以下問題,8分鐘后比誰能正確回答。
1.去散步的一家人有哪幾個(gè)人?在什么時(shí)候什么地方散步?
2.你可以感受到一家人去散步時(shí)是怎樣的心情?說說你是從哪些文字中感受到的。
3.在散步的.過程中發(fā)生了什么事?最后是怎么解決的?
4.我和妻子是如何背著母親、兒子走過那條小路的?為什么說“我背上的同她背上的加起來,就是整個(gè)世界”?
1.通過散步這件事,你對(duì)這個(gè)家庭的四個(gè)成員都不陌生了,請(qǐng)你給這個(gè)家庭的四個(gè)成員分別加上一個(gè)修飾語。并說出這樣加的理由。
2.我們常常把鮮花送給最可敬的人,這里只有一束鮮花。如果是你,你會(huì)把這束鮮花送給這個(gè)家里的哪個(gè)成員呢?你送鮮花給他時(shí),能否說出送花的理由呢?(5分鐘完成)
速讀課文,采用畫波浪線的方法將文章中那些兩兩相對(duì)稱的句子找出來,然后同學(xué)之間交流一下品味語言的精美,3分鐘后比誰找的最多。示例:我和母親走在前面,我的妻子和兒子走在后面。
你喜歡這個(gè)家嗎?它讓你感受到了什么?如果要使每個(gè)家庭都變得和睦、溫馨、幸福,你覺得家庭成員之間應(yīng)該怎樣相處呢?(獨(dú)立思考2分鐘后,比誰能大膽地說出自己的想法)
你擁有一個(gè)溫馨、和睦的家嗎?請(qǐng)用你的筆來記下發(fā)生在你家的親情故事吧?。?00字左右)
用一段話或一首小詩(shī)寫寫你對(duì)親情的感受。
Aims and demands:
通過本單元教學(xué),學(xué)生應(yīng)能熟練地運(yùn)用表示“提意見和建議”的常用語;復(fù)習(xí)賓語;了解毛利人的歷史和新西蘭的歷史、地理及風(fēng)士人情。
Importance and difficulty:
1. words and expressions:
hand down, sign an agreement with, take a degree, share, times, live, go doing
2. sentences:
A. The language which the Maori speak is related to the languages of Tahiti and Hawaii.
B. This is how they keep their way of life alive.
C. In size it is bigger than Guangdong Province, yet has a much smaller population.
D. Apart from their milk, the wool from their coats is used in expensive clothing.
3. Grammar:
A. The search party found the missing child.
B. I enjoy swimming in summer.
C. I’d like to invite you to my birthday party.
D. I’ll get the letter mailed first.
4. Useful expressions:
A. You’d better ( not )……
B. You should / ought to ……
C. I suggest you ……
D. Shall we……
E. How / what about…….
Lesson 73 The Maori of New Zealand
Aims and demands:
Develop the Ss’ reading and speaking ability.
Importance and difficulty:
Have a good and deeper understanding of the text.
Teaching aid; a tape recorder and some slides
Teaching methods: reading
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Presentation
Find out how much the Ss know about New Zealand by asking a few rapid questions around the class.
T: Where is New Zealand?
----- East of Australia.
T: How many islands is New Zealand made up of ?
----- Two large ones.
T: What is the capital?
----- Wellington.
T: What money is used in New Zealand?
----- NZ dollar.
T: Name one sailor who landed on New Zealand several centuries ago.
----- Captain Cook.
T: What are the earliest people of New Zealand called? ( first settlers )
----- Maori .
T: Where did they come from?
----- Polynesia.
T: Where did the first settlers in the USA come from?
… in Australia
Step 2. Fast reading
Read the text fast and find the answers to the questions.
1. From which countries have the people of New Zealand come?
Polynesia / Oceania and Europe , mainly Britain.
2. What parts of Maori life are mentioned in the text?
Kindergartens, customs, way of life, the marae, the meeting house, family life, special days ---- huis, weddings, conferences, deaths and burials.
Step 3. Careful reading
1. Read it and do the reference
( Which words and phrases do the words in bold in the text refer to?)
2. Note making
Step 4. comprehension
1. paper comprehension
Comprehension for Unit 19 Lesson 73(3B) CDDCB BBDCC BD
1. The passage is mainly about ___.
A. why the Maori chose to settle in New Zealand
B. what the European settlers had done to the Maori
C. the history, life-style, languages and customs of the Maori
D. the rare animals and plants in New Zealand
2. The population is mainly made up of ___.
A. the Maori and Europeans
B. the Maori and Kooris
C. the Maori and Pacific Island
D. the Maori, Europeans and Pacific Islanders
3. When the Maori came to settle in New Zealand, they did NOT take ___ with them.
A. the way of life
B. dogs and rats
C. plants like the sweet potato
D. written records of their history
4. In the 19th century the Maori population dropped as a result of ___.
A. their improper way of life
B. the bad weather in the island
C. many fierce battles and diseases
D. lack of money and medicine
5. Which is WRONG about the languages spoken in New Zealand?
A. English is widely used as the official language.
B. The children in New Zealand are greatly encouraged to use the Maori language.
C. At least three kinds of languages are spoken in the country.
D. Maori children can learn to speak English at school.
6. It can be figured out that the population of New Zealand is about ____.
A. 435,000 B. 3,346,100 C. 5,5655,000 D. 170,000
7. We can learn what the text is about from ___.
A. the first paragraph B. the title
C. the last paragraph D. the whole passage
8. What did the Maori not take to New Zealand ?
A. Plants like the sweet potato B. Dogs
C. Rats D. Potatoes
9. How many kinds of languages are spoken in New Zealand according to the text?
A. one B. two C. three D. four
10. The difference between the Maori’s life and the Europeans’ life is in their ___.
A. dining habit B. clothing
C. family size D. living condition
11. What is written in details in the text?
A. Wedding B. Burial
C. Conference D. None of the above.
12. The Maori’s burial service is different from the European’s because ___.
A. they give speeches at the funeral
B. they go to see the dead
C. they share their memories of the dead
D. there’s always someone staying with the dead
2. work book
Bb:
Maori ----- Polynesia
wars
New Zealander European (British )----- Europe / Britain
Pacific Islanders----- Oceanis
Homework
Lesson 74 New Zealand
Aims and demands:
1. Get the Ss to read a text very fast in order to find out what the different sections about .
2. Train the Ss to obtain information from a diagram.
3. Develop the Ss’ reading ability.
Importance and difficulty:
1. Have a deeper understanding of the text.
2. Finish the comprehension exercise
Teaching methods: reading and understanding
Teaching aids : tape recorder and some slides
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Revision
Answer the questions:
1. What’s the other name for New Zealand? ----- Aotearoa
2. When did the first traveler reach New Zealand, 950, 1050 or 1150? -----950
3. What did early travelers bring with them?
---- Dogs, rats and plants like the sweet potato.
4. Which is warmer, North Island or South Island? Why?
---- North Island is warmer because it is closer to the equator.
5. What is the name of the earliest New Zealand people? ------Maori.
6. Where did they come from? ----- Polynesia
7. Why did settlers and the Maori fight? ----- Over land rights
Rearrange the following sentences:
1. Following his discoveries many islanders travelled 3,500 kilometres by sea in their narrow boats to this new country between 1100 and 1350.
2. As a result of these wars and diseases, the Maori population fell from 100,000 to 4,200.
3. In Maori history, the first traveler to reach New Zealand in the year 950 was a man called Kupe.
4. By 1840 about 2,000 Europeans, mainly British, had come to settle in New Zealand and the Maori signed and agreement with these settlers.
5. However, in later years there were fierce arguments over land rights and many battles were fought between the settlers and the Maori.
6. He named the country “ Ao-tea-roa”, which means “the land of the long, white cloud”.
7. They took with them dogs, rats and plants like the sweet potato, and settled mainly in North Island where the weather was warmer.
8. Their population has now increased to 435,000 , and today they make up about 13% of the population.
3-6-1-7-4-5-2-8
Step 2. Reading for general understanding ( 3 minutes )
The purpose of this task is to get the Ss to read a text very fast in order to find out what the different sections are about. It is a speed-reading exercise.
Give the Ss a time limit of 3 minutes for this exercise.
Answers: Politics – Agriculture – Sports and free time – Natural beauty – Wildlife
Step 3. Careful reading
1. Read it carefully and finish the paper comprehension exercises.
Reading comprehension for Unit 19 Lesson 74 (3B) ACBCA CABDB BD
1. Which is correct about New Zealand?
A. Before 1893 women couldn’t enjoy the same voting rights just as men.
B. There are about 50 million sheep in the country, more than 14 times the population.
C. People over a certain age can all receive a weekly “old-age pension” nowadays.
D. The government is quite successful in controlling the unemployment rate.
2. Which is not the reason for the question “Why New Zealand is thought to be an important agricultural country”?
A. Animal farming is well developed.
B. There are more sheep than people.
C. Deer are kept for their meat and fur.
D. The main exports are agricultural products.
3. According to the passage, which is most likely to happen in New Zealand?
A. The country imports wood pulp(紙漿).
B. Earthquakes will shake the country.
C. Winter vacation starts from December.
D. Farmers begin to keep deer instead of cattle.
4. There are flightless birds in New Zealand because___.
A. these birds are kept in cages for a long time and lose the ability to fly
B. they caught the strange diseases which settlers took with them
C. they had no natural enemies until the arrival of humans
D. as in Australia, the climate there is quite suitable for birds to live on the land
5. After reading the text you cannot have a picture of ___.
A. the history of New Zealand
B. the climate in New Zealand
C. the agriculture in New Zealand
D. the strange animals in New Zealand
6. What is not true about New Zealand?
A. New Zealand is the first the allow women to vote in the world.
B. New Zealand exports mainly agricultural products.
C. All the people can receive the :old-age pension”.
D. All the people above a certain age can receive the “old-age pension”.
7. What is not included in the exported agricultural products?
A. Pork B. Lamb C. Beef D. Butter
8. What fruit is implied (暗指) in the text?
A. Apple B. Grape C. Pear D. Banana
9. In New Zealand only the kiwi is ___.
A. ancient B. flightless
C. voiceless D. the national bird
10. Who made the birds flightless?
A. The birds themselves. B. Nature.
C. Some biologists. D. Natural enemies.
11. The main school holidays in New Zealand are about ____ month(s).
A. one B. one and a half
C. two D. two and a half.
12. It can be inferred that New Zealand is not an ideal place for ___.
A. having sports B. going sight-seeing
C. keeping cattle and goats
D. developing heavy industry
2. True or False statements.
a. New Zealand is an important agricultural country with a small population. In size it is bigger than Guangdong Province, yet has a much smaller population.
b. In 1893, many countries, including New Zealand, allowed women to vote.
c. In recent times the “ old-age pension” has only been paid to the poorest people because these people are usually very old.
d. The main school holidays are from mid-December till early February because the weather is usually very cold.
e. Tourists from all over the world come to New Zealand because they are attracted by the natural beauty of the country.
f. The Kiwi, New Zealand’s national bird is flight-less because this kind of bird is very huge and it cannot fly.
Answers: T F F F T F
Step 4. Practice Workbook Ex 2
Step 5. Diagram Page 40
Homework
Lesson 73~ 74
Aims and demands: Review the text and deal with the language points.
Importance and difficulty: Get the Ss know the usage of the language points.
Teaching aid: some slides.
Teaching methods: practicing and comparison
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Revision
Say as quickly as possible and tell if the following statements are True or False.
1. All the people of New Zealand came from the Islands of Polynesia in the Pacific.
2. The Maori had no written language.
3. By 1840 about 2,000 British had come to settle in New Zealand.
4. Now the Maori makes up about 13% of the population.
5. They have a population of 4, 200.
6. The Maori have given up their own customs and ways of life.
7. New Zealand is an important industrial country with a small population
8. New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote.
9. North Island is famous for its hot springs.
10. New Zealanders like to go swimming, sailing , horse-riding during the months of December-February.
F T F T F F F T T T
Step 2. Useful expressions
Fill in the blanks ( Lesson 73~ 74)
1. Ireland lies to the west of Great Britain. They are separated from each other by the Irish sea.
2. I have bought a dictionary for you and I’ll send it to you by mail as soon as possible.
3. The two tables are of the same size, but they are different in colour.
4. They have made much money out of keeping fish.
5. Apart from the garden, I’m quite satisfied with the house.
6. Their customs were handed down/on from generation to generation.
7. Their population has now increased to 420,000 . That makes up about 13% of the whole population.
8. I insist on him changing his learning methods, but he sticks to it.
9. Can you explain the sentences to me which are marked with red lines?
10. Would you like to stay with us for a few more days?
Step 3. Language points:
Fill in the blanks ( Lesson 73~74)
1. They took with them dogs, rats and plants like the sweet potato and settled mainly in North Island.
要下雨了,請(qǐng)帶把雨傘。
我沒有帶錢,請(qǐng)你借我10 元好嗎?
2. The language which the Maori speak is related to the languages of Tahiti and Hawaii.
relate vt. 把 … 聯(lián)系起來
be related to 和 … 有聯(lián)系
3. Maori family enjoy sharing what they own and looking after one another.
enjoy doing consider , dislike , finish , go ,mink , practise , risk , suggest , avoid , appreciate, feel like , give up …
4. This is how they keep their way of life alive.
alive
live
living
5. The fish is still alive .
6. This is a live fish .
7. All living things need sunlight , water and air.
8. Although he is sixty, he is still alive.
9. Many people will sleep and eat on the marae during these three days and share their memories of the dead person.
10. She is always happy and never shares his parents’ worries ( 從不分擔(dān)父母的憂愁 )
我們應(yīng)該共甘同苦。
We should share joys and sorrows.
11. New Zealand is an important agriculture country with a small population.
中國(guó)是一個(gè)人口眾多的發(fā)展中的國(guó)家。
China is a developing country with a large population.
12. It is bigger than Guangdong province in size.
13. The two countries are of the same size, but they are different in population.
14. The main exports of the country are wool, lamb, beef butter, forest products, fruit and vegetables ( 水果和蔬菜 ).
15. Some farmers have turned tokeeping deer (養(yǎng)鹿).
16. Whenever he had difficulty, he turned to the teacher for help( 他就去向老師求助 ).
turn to
turn on
turn off
turn down
turn into
turn out
turn over
17. New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.
be of high quality =high-qualified
be of great help =helpful
be of importance =important
be of great value =valuable
18. Apart from their milk, the wool from their coats is used in expensive clothing.
19.Apart from English , he is good at French. ( Besides )
20. There were ten people at the meeting apart from me. (besides)
21. The composition is good apart from a few spelling mistakes. ( except for)
22. North Island is famous for an area of hot spring, some of which throw hot water high into the air.
23. Hongzhou is famous for its West Lake.
24. Helen Keller was famous as an American writer.
Step 4. Correct the mistakes:
1. All things are related with all other things.
(to)
2. Mary and I will share with a room. /
3. Besides from the cost, it will take a lot of time. ( Apart ) from /
4. We have reported the matter to the master but he considers it of no important. (importance )
5. In this factory the workers are paid by hour. ( by the hour ) (by hours)
6. The rice is sold by the weight. /
7. When time went on, Einstein’s theory was proved to be correct. ( As )
8. After he left school he became a teacher , but later he turned to drive. ( driving )
Homework
神秘浩渺的星空時(shí)常引起我們無邊的遐想,在本文中巴金寫了不同時(shí)期看繁星的感受。你一定也觀察過天上的繁星,你有哪些感受呢?比較一下,你的感受和巴金的有何不同。
一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
1.樹立熱愛大自然的思想,學(xué)會(huì)觀察大自然,進(jìn)而了解、保護(hù)自然環(huán)境。
2.學(xué)習(xí)并運(yùn)用聯(lián)想和想像來寫景狀物,抒發(fā)感情。
3.學(xué)習(xí)并運(yùn)用比喻、擬人、排比等修辭手法。
二、學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
(一)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
1.字詞
昧(mèi)昏暗
霎(shà)眼
搖搖欲墜(zhuì),形容非常危險(xiǎn),就要掉下來或垮下來。
螢:螢火蟲mó模型、楷模、模糊
熒:熒光屏模
瑩:晶瑩mú模樣、模具、鉛模
2.寫作背景
這篇文章選自巴金的《海行雜記》。1923年,19歲的巴金和三哥毅然沖破封建家庭的樊籠到了上海、南京??既霒|南大學(xué)附中補(bǔ)習(xí)班。在學(xué)習(xí)期間,參加了一些社會(huì)活動(dòng),著名的“五卅”運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)他影響較大,他的民主思想得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。1927年1月15日,他乘法國(guó)郵船“昂熱”號(hào)離滬赴法,衛(wèi)惠林同行,先后同船的中國(guó)學(xué)生計(jì)9人。他去法國(guó)是為了學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),“向西方找真理”,進(jìn)一步研究無政府主義理論,考察歐洲的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。法國(guó)既是無政府主義的發(fā)源地,也是當(dāng)時(shí)歐洲的政治流放者的庇護(hù)所。2月18日?!鞍簾帷碧?hào)郵船抵達(dá)馬賽。19日,巴金抵巴黎。在郵船航行期間,巴金撰寫了《海行雜記》38則。《繁星》是其中的一篇游記,寫于1927年1月。
(二)課文評(píng)析
課文圍繞看繁星,依次寫了“從前”“三年前” “如今”“有一夜”四個(gè)片段,表達(dá)了作者酷愛星天的深切感受。
課文按照時(shí)間順序,緊緊圍繞“繁星”展開描寫,狀寫了“我”在不同時(shí)期不同地點(diǎn)觀看繁星的情景,抒寫了“我”由此產(chǎn)生熱愛自然、向往美好生活的感受,給人以豐富的聯(lián)想和美的享受。
繁星
巴金
我愛月夜,但我也愛星天。從前在家鄉(xiāng),七、八月的夜晚,在庭院里納涼的時(shí)候,我最愛看天上密密麻麻的繁星。望著星天,我就會(huì)忘記一切,仿佛回到了母親的懷里似的。
三年前在南京,我住的地方有一道后門,每晚我打開后門,便看見一個(gè)靜寂的夜。下面是一片菜園,上面是星群密布的藍(lán)天。星光在我們的肉眼里雖然微小,然而它使我們覺得光明無處不在。那時(shí)候我正在讀一些關(guān)于天文學(xué)的書,也認(rèn)得一些星星,好像它們就是我的朋友,它們常常在和我談話一樣。
如今在海上,每晚和繁星相對(duì),我把它們認(rèn)得很熟了。我躺在艙面上,仰望天空。深藍(lán)色的天空里懸著無數(shù)半明半昧的星。船在動(dòng),星也在動(dòng),它們是這樣低,真是搖搖欲墜呢!漸漸地我的眼睛模糊了,我好像看見無數(shù)螢火蟲在我的周圍飛舞。海上的夜是柔和的,是靜寂的,是夢(mèng)幻的。我望著那許多認(rèn)識(shí)的星,我仿佛看見它們?cè)趯?duì)我霎眼,我仿佛聽見它們?cè)谛÷曊f話。這時(shí)我忘記了一切。在星的懷抱中我微笑著,我沉睡著。我覺得自己是一個(gè)小孩子,現(xiàn)在睡在母親的懷里了。
有一夜,那個(gè)在哥倫波上船的英國(guó)人指給我看天上的巨人。他用手指著:那四顆明亮的星是頭,下面的幾顆是身子,這幾顆是手,那幾顆是腿和腳,還有三顆星算是腰帶。經(jīng)他這一番指點(diǎn),我果然看清楚了那個(gè)天上的巨人。看,那個(gè)巨人還在跑呢!
首先,描寫“我”最愛看繁星,回憶從前在家鄉(xiāng)夜晚望星天的情景和感受。第1句表露作者對(duì)大自然的熱愛之情,也為第2句引出作了鋪墊。第3句狀寫“我”望星天時(shí)的感受,為全文定下了感情的基調(diào)。
這部分回憶“我”三年前在南京讀書時(shí)看繁星的情景和感受。前兩句描寫觀看星天的寧?kù)o環(huán)境。后兩句描寫觀看星天的感受:由點(diǎn)點(diǎn)星光覺得光明無處不在,把認(rèn)讀星星當(dāng)成交友敘談。這是進(jìn)一步寫“我”最愛看繁星的情趣和收獲。
后兩段描寫“我”在海上觀看繁星的情景和感受。
第3段是全文的重點(diǎn),狀寫“我”每晚在美的環(huán)境中觀看繁星所產(chǎn)生的種種美的感受。這一段文字按照“仰望——欲睡——沉睡”的思路漸次展開,前面四句寫“仰望”,第五至八句寫“欲睡”,第九、十兩句寫“沉睡”。
第4段寫“我”在別人指點(diǎn)下認(rèn)識(shí)了狀如“巨人”的星座,感受到了“巨人還在跑”的樂趣。如果說第3段是從面上泛寫海上看繁星,那么,第4段就是從點(diǎn)上特寫海上看星座。
三、深入探究
試分析本文的寫作特點(diǎn)
1.由實(shí)到虛,虛實(shí)結(jié)合,是本文寫作上顯著的特點(diǎn)。作者描寫的`對(duì)象,一是眼前的景物,二是由眼前的景物產(chǎn)生的聯(lián)想和想像。二者緊密聯(lián)系,反映了作者種種感受的真切和精妙。
2.課文運(yùn)用了比喻、擬人和排比等修辭方法。
比喻,如“漸漸地我的眼睛模糊了,我好像看見無數(shù)螢火蟲在我的周圍飛舞”。將“我”的眼睛模糊時(shí)所見的無數(shù)星星搖搖欲墜的情態(tài),比作“無數(shù)螢火蟲在我的周圍飛舞”,十分生動(dòng)形象,富有情趣。
擬人,如“我望著那許多認(rèn)識(shí)的星,我仿佛看見它們?cè)趯?duì)我霎眼,我仿佛聽見它們?cè)谛÷曊f話”。在作者的眼里,天上那許多認(rèn)識(shí)的星星都有眼睛、有嘴巴、有思想,它們走近“我”,同“我”交談。這樣寫,將“我”與大自然融為一體,命筆含情,追求意境,使人如臨其境,如聞其聲,如萌其情,產(chǎn)生無窮的遐想。
排比:如“海上的夜是柔和的,是靜寂的,是夢(mèng)的”。依次從觸覺、聽覺和幻覺的角度描寫海上之夜令“我”產(chǎn)生的種種美感。它們由表及里,由淺入深,一氣呵成,充分渲染了海上之夜的柔美、靜謐和奇妙,使讀者受到強(qiáng)烈的感染。
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