以下內(nèi)容主題是“學校的課件”,是欄目小編為您分享的。每個老師為了上好課需要寫教案課件,只要我們老師在寫的時候認真負責就可以了。?學生反應的積極程度可以反映教學內(nèi)容的吸引力。如有需要請繼續(xù)關注我們的網(wǎng)站以獲取更多幫助!
我們分享,我們快樂
(《品德與生活》第二冊)
一、教學目標:
1、知道分享能帶給別人快樂,愿意和別人分享快樂。
2、能夠認同別人的快樂。
3、能夠?qū)ν瑢W之間不接納和不欣賞的行為進行阻止,并運用正確的方式使大家一同分享快樂。
二、教學重點:
幫助學生真正理解分享的含義,鼓勵他們將自己的快樂表達出來和他人分享。
三、教學過程:
(一)、輕松游戲,體驗感悟
1、學生自己玩自己的玩具。(自己玩玩具2-3分鐘。)
2、和同學們一起玩玩具。你們可以在小組內(nèi)交流自己的玩具,也可以去欣賞別的小組的玩具。(大家一起玩玩具2-3分鐘。)
3、玩玩具結束。師:剛才你自己玩了玩具,又和同學們一起玩了玩具,兩次玩玩具你的心情一樣嗎?有什么不一樣?
4、師:看來好的東西僅僅自己享用并不一定快樂,大家一起享用才更快樂。把你的玩具和大家一起玩,這就叫“分享”。
在你拿玩具和小朋友一起分享的時候,給大家?guī)砹嗽S多快樂。因為,我們分享;所以,我們快樂。(出示課題。)
5、思考,進一步理解分享的含義:
除了分享玩具,還有哪些東西可以和大家分享,也會給大家?guī)砜鞓纺兀?/p>
6、小結:生活中值得分享的事情的確很多。我們大家生活在一個大集體中,都要學會分享,學會了分享,我們就會得到更多的快樂。
(二)、畫畫說說,分享意見
1、出示圓圈,給這個圓圈加上幾筆,變成其他的東西。
2、每人想一個主意,畫一畫。(學生動手畫畫。)
3、現(xiàn)在,誰來說說你把圓圈變成了什么?
4、小結:把你獨特的想法說出來讓大家聽,這也是一種分享。(出示:“分享想法”)這種分享可以幫助我們開闊思路,得到自己沒有想到的方法。還可以學到很多自己不知道的知識呢!
(三)、辨析感悟,分享成功
1、小朋友們剛才特別能干,老師禁不住要表揚大家:“太能干了?!?/p>
2、可是我在以前的學校上課的時候,有個小朋友卻說了這樣一句話:“有什么了不起的,不就是畫了一張畫嘛?!?/p>
3、你們覺得他這樣做對嗎?為什么?
4、如果你是他,你會怎么做?
(四)、回憶快樂,分享快樂。
1、老師有道數(shù)學題,請你來算一算:你和我各有一個蘋果,把你的蘋果給我,把我的蘋果給你,你和我各有幾個蘋果?(一個)
2、再請你做一題:你和我都有一件快樂的事,把我的快樂說給你聽,把你的快樂說給我聽,每人有幾個快樂?(兩個)
3、如果每個人都把自己的快樂說給大家聽,那我們會有多少個快樂呢?(無數(shù)個)
4、那你有快樂的事嗎?那就趕快把自己的快樂事寫下來吧。
5、請把你的快樂事先說自己組的同學聽聽吧。讓他們先來分享你的快樂。
6、誰愿意把自己的快樂讓我們大家來分享呀?(指名說)
(五)、活動總結,課外延伸。
1、你們瞧,我們班一下子成了快樂的小天地,有了數(shù)不清的快樂。
2、是啊,獻出了自己的快樂,分享了別人的快樂這才是我們最大的快樂,希望同學們能把快樂帶給身邊的每一個人,因為你的快樂,我們一同快樂!好嗎?
數(shù)學是一門重要的學科,在學校教育中擔負著教育學生思維、培養(yǎng)邏輯能力和解決問題的重要任務。數(shù)學校本課程教案的編寫顯得尤為重要。在下面的文章中,我們將詳細介紹一份生動、具體并且全面的數(shù)學校本課程教案。
為了引起學生的興趣,我們在教案中設計了多樣化的教學活動。比如,在教授數(shù)學的基礎知識時,我們通過有趣的游戲或者實際生活中的例子來進行教學,讓學生能夠更好地理解概念。在解決數(shù)學問題的過程中,我們也可以設計一些團隊合作的游戲,讓學生們通過合作來解決問題,培養(yǎng)他們的團隊精神和交流能力。
我們在教案中還注重培養(yǎng)學生的數(shù)學思維能力。通過設置一些富有挑戰(zhàn)性的數(shù)學問題,讓學生能夠在思考的過程中培養(yǎng)解決問題的能力。同時,我們也會引導學生學會利用數(shù)學知識解決實際生活中的問題,幫助他們建立起數(shù)學與實際生活的聯(lián)系,激發(fā)學生學習數(shù)學的熱情。
除此之外,我們在教案中還設計了一些錯題講解的環(huán)節(jié),幫助學生發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在學習中的錯誤,并及時糾正。通過這樣的方式,不僅能夠讓學生做到知錯就改,還能夠增強他們對數(shù)學學習的信心。
我們還在教案中設計了一些評價方式,通過考試、作業(yè)和課堂表現(xiàn)來評價學生的學習情況。通過及時的反饋,幫助學生了解自己的學習水平,找到不足之處,并加以改進。
數(shù)學校本課程教案是學生學習數(shù)學的重要工具,它既需要生動具體又要全面詳細。只有通過這樣的教學方式,才能夠激發(fā)學生對數(shù)學學習的興趣,培養(yǎng)他們的數(shù)學思維能力,讓他們能夠在學習中取得更好的成績。希望通過我們教案的設計,能夠幫助更多的學生愛上數(shù)學,享受數(shù)學學習的過程。
模塊四 語法專練:情態(tài)動詞
【考點透視】
從近幾年的高考試題來看,情態(tài)動詞是一大熱點。每年單項填空題必考一題,通常從三個方面來考查考生對情態(tài)動詞的運用:一是情態(tài)動詞本身所表達的意義,如表示禁止、命令、威脅、許諾等意義;can, may, might, need, shall, should等的用法。二是“情態(tài)動詞+have done”表示推測。三是情態(tài)動詞后面省略形式的用法區(qū)別,如I could (=I could do),I could have (=I could have done)的區(qū)別。
(一)can和could的用法
1.表示能力或客觀可能性,還可以表示請求和允許。例如:
Can you finish this work tonight?
一Can I go now? 一Yes,you can.
2.could也可表示請求,是委婉的語氣,主要用于疑問句,不可用于肯定句,答語應用can,即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的簡略答語中。例如:
一Could I come to see you tomorrow?
一Yes,you can. (否定答語可用No,I’m afraid not)。
3.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。(主要用在否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句中)
Can this be true?
4.“can (could) + have + 過去分詞”的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。例如:
He cannot have been to that town.
(二)may和might的用法
1.表示請求、可以與允許的情況,might比may的語氣更加委婉。may的否定式為may not,但表示“不可以、禁止”答意思時常用mustn’t代替may not。例如:
一May I take the book out of the reading-room?
一Yes, you may. (No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.)
2.“may / might + have + v-ed”結構表示對過去行為的推測,含有“想必、也許會”的意思。
She may/might have missed the train.
(三)must和have to的用法
1.must的否定式有兩個:mustn’t表示“禁止”;needn’t/ don’t have to是一般疑問句的否定答復。例如:
一Must we hand in our exercise books today?
一No,you needn’t.
2.“must have done”意思是“過去一定做了”;其否定式“can’t/ mustn’t have done”意思是“(過去)不可能做了”;而“needn’t have done”意思是“(過去)沒必要做”。
3.must與have to的區(qū)別;二者含義很相似,兩者往往可以互換使用,但have to有各種形式,隨have的變化而定。must與have to有下列幾點不同:
(1)must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而have to則往往強調(diào)客觀需要。
(2)must一般只表示現(xiàn)在,而have to則有更多的時態(tài)形式。
(3)詢問對方的意愿時應用must。
(4)表示理論上的論斷和自然法則的必然性時,應用must。例如:
We must believe that only socialism can save China.
(四)dare和need的用法
1.need表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中,在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to或should代替。例如:
―Need I finish the work? ―Yes, you must.
注意:needn’t have done表示“本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事”。
2.dare做情態(tài)動詞時,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用肯定句中。例如:
How dare you say I’m unfair?
3.dare和need常用作實義動詞,有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。所不同的是,作實義動詞時,在肯定句中,后面通常接帶to的不定式,在否定和疑問句中,后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。
(五)shall和should的用法
1.shall常用于第一、第三人稱。若用于其他人稱時,則表示說話人給對方的“命令、警告、允諾或威脅”。
2.shall用于條約、規(guī)章、法令等文件中,表示義務或規(guī)定,一般用第三人稱,意為“一定”。
3.shall用于if/ when引導的從句中,表示將來的可能性,語氣較強,意為“將”。例如:
When I shall see him, I will give him your message.
4.should常表示“驚異、贊嘆、不滿”等情緒。主語從句中謂語動詞要用“should+動詞原形”。
5.should have done意為“應該做而未做”;shouldn’t have done意為“不應該做而做了”。
6.should表示勸告、建議、命令。同義詞未ought to。
(六)will和would的用法
1.表示請求、建議等,would比will委婉客氣。
2.表示意志、愿望和決心。
3.will be和will have done的結構均表示推測,主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對目前情況的推測,后者表示對已經(jīng)完成的動作或事態(tài)的推測。
This will be the book you want.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
4.would可表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。would表過去習慣時used to正式,并沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習慣”的含義。
(七)ought to的用法
1.ought to表示應該
2.ought to表示推測
3.ought to have done表示過去應做某事而實際未做。(這時ought to和should可以互換)
(八)used to,had better,would rather的用法
1.used to表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在,在間接引語中,其形式可不變。在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強調(diào)句中,可有兩種形式。如:
Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
I usedn’t to go there.
I didn’t use to go there.
She used to be very fat, didn’t she? / use(d)n’t she?
2.had better意為“最好”,后接不帶to的不定式。
3.would rather意為“寧愿”,后接不帶to的不定式。由于would rather表示選擇,因而后可接than。如:
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than you should tell me one lie.
【題例精析】
【例1】 -Didn’t they come to the party last week?
-Yes. They didn’t want to come with us at first, but then we ____ persuade them.
A. would B. could
C. were able to D. had to
【易錯點悟】解答該題的關鍵在于區(qū)別can 與be able to 表示“能力”的用法。
【要點精析】根據(jù)上下文語境及講話人語氣,選項動作表示經(jīng)過努力才完成的。在這種語氣的肯定句和疑問句中,常用be able to,在否定句中可用can。
【答案】C
【例2】 You ____ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. (北京四中交流卷)
A. can’t B. should
C. must D. needn’t
【易錯點悟】解答該題的關鍵是對“can’t...too...”固定短語的理解。
【要點精析】根據(jù)句子意義:無論怎么注意你的閱讀技巧都不過分。同時句中由于有了too...to結構,只有can’t可以與它構成固定短語,有此含義。其它選項無此意。
【答案】A
【專項檢測】
1. I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring down. They ______ for me impatiently.
A. may wait B. ought to wait
C. could wait D. must be waiting
2. He was very brave. Even though she’d hurt her leg, she ________ go back alone.
A. could B. might
C. have to D. was able to
3. You ________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot B. should
C. must D. needn’t
4. I’ve tried several times, but the car just _______.
A. doesn’t start B. wouldn’t start
C. won’t start D. didn’t start
5. Always the old lady ______ sit for hours doing nothing at all.
A. was used to B. would
C. used to D. should
6. There used to be a small school,___________?
A. was there B. wasn’t it
C. usedn’t there D. usedn’t it
7. Our house is on the top of the hill, so in summer the wind _____ be pretty cold.
A. must B. can
C. ought to D. need
8. Haven’t I told you that you __________ have the answer tomorrow morning?
A. will B. shall
C. should D. would
9. I’m surprised that he _______ in the match.
A. should fail B. should have failed
C. would have failed D. may have failed
10. Better go to see my sick colleague right now, ________I?
A. hadn’t B. didn’t
C. don’t D. won’t
11. Sir, you ______ be hunting deer here, for they are preserved by the government.
A. oughtn’t to B. can’t
C. won’t D. needn’t
12. Sorry I’m late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should
C. can D. will
13. - There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
- It __________ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t be
C. must have been D. couldn’t have been
14. To be on the safe side, we should fill up the tank now, because we ______ run out of gas on the way.
A. can B. would
C. might D. should
15. ____ three people who travel together, there _____ be at least one who ____ be my teacher.
A. Between; can; will B. In; should; could
C. Among; will; may D. Of; must; can
16. -Could you lend me that book you ______ me about when I telephoned you?
-No, I am sorry, I can’t. I gave it to a friend.
A. were telling B. would tell
C. had told D. had been telling
17. -We need a person badly to think up such an idea.
-_______ the new comer have a try?
A. Shall B. May
C. Should D. Need
18. We ________ so tired. We’ve only been to a party.
A. mustn’t have felt B. wouldn’t have felt
C. shouldn’t have felt D. couldn’t have felt
19. Professor Smith, many students want to see you. __________ they wait here or outside?
A. Do B. Shall
C. Will D. Would
20. -How about paying a visit to Mr. Richardson, our former history teacher?
-Good idea. I will e-mail him today so he _____know _________ to expect us.
A. shall; why B. may; when
C. would; why D. will; how
21. -I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _________ cats and dogs.
-You __________ by bus. It was likely to get a cold.
A. is raining; must have gone B. rained; would go
C. was mining; should have gone D. have rained; could have gone
22. You ______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot B. should
C. must D. needn’t
23. I told Sally to fix him up with this job, but perhaps I _________ it out for her.
A. had to write B. must have written
C. should have written D. ought to write
24. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ________ your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
25. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ________ during the day.
A. should have done B. would have done
C. may have done D. must have done
26. -Is there any flight to Tokyo today?
- I think there _____, for the weather is too bad.
A. mustn’t be B. mightn’t be
C. needn’t be D. can’t be
27. -I’m told that John had another car accident this morning.
- I believe not. He _____ so careless.
A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been
C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been
28. It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he __________ doing his lessons.
A. might have spent B. ought to have spent
C. must have spent D. could have spent
29. -I didn’t know you were good friends.
-You _______. I have known her since she moved here. You were studying abroad then.
A. may have B. needn’t have
C. couldn’t have D. must have
30. They must have finished the work by the end of last month, __________?
A. mustn’t they B. haven’t they
C. hadn’t they D. didn’t they
31. -I didn’t see her yesterday.
- Of course, you _____, because he had gone for a trip.
A. can’t B. may not have
C. can’t have D. mustn’t have
32. You ________ phone him if you want to, but you _________. He is sure to phone you.
A. may; mustn’t B. have to; needn’t
C. can; doesn’t need D. can; needn’t
33. - She must have gone back to the valley.
- ______, she _____ have. The entrance to it was nowhere to be found.
A. No; mustn’t B. Yes; might
C. Yes; could D. No; couldn’t
34. He _____ full marks, but he was so careless as to make a spelling mistake.
A. must have gained B. can have gained
C. could have gained D. must gain
35. From what you said, she _____ you about it.
A. mustn’t have told B. can’t have told
C. mustn’t tell D. can’t tell
36. - You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening.
- Yes, I know I _________.
A. ought to B. have to
C. should have D. must have
37. -Is there a fog in the evening?
-There _______ be. I’ll make a phone call to find it out.
A. must B. would
C. will D. might
38. - _______ he help you with the problem?
-Well, though it is very hard, __________ I’ll do what I can to work it out.
A. Shall; but B. Can; and
C. Must; however D. Will; still
39. -How is that, Joan?
-Yeah, it’s from the boss. She _________ first, whether she likes it.
A. shall go B. ought to have gone
C. should go D. must have gone
40. -Would you like to watch the video, in which you can see foreigners making jiaoji during the Spring Festival?
-Sure, it ______ be very interesting.
A. should B. may
C. can D. will
41. -The door was open.
-It _________ open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.
A. can not be B. must not be
C. can not have been D. must not have been
42. -Where ________ Margaret have put the empty bottles?
-She ________ them away. They must be somewhere.
A. can; can’t have thrown B. must; needn’t
C. must; must have thrown D. cant; must throw
43. -Mum, I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf.
-My goodness! You _______ yourself. You ______ do that next time.
A. must have hurt; mustn’t B. should have hurt; can’t
C. may have hurt; mustn’t D. might have hurt; won’t be able to
44. -Shall I go and buy more food and drinks for the party?
-No, we have prepared a fridge of those. That _______ be quite enough.
A. can B. may
C. might D. ought to
45. -Hurry up, Michael! It’s ten to three.
-Goodness me! The class_______. I’ll be late again.
A. must begin B. may begin
C. should have begun D. must have begun
46. When he was there, he ____ go to that coffee shop at the street comer after work every day.
A. would B. should
C. had better D. might
47. -I hear you have written a novel.
-Yes, the book ________ be out in a month or so.
A. can B. dare
C. should D. need
48. -How could I thank you enough?
-Don’t mention it. Any other man _________ that.
A. must do B. could do
C. would have done D. should have done
49. -Why aren’t they here yet?
-They ________ the bus.
A. can have missed B. must be late for
C. may have missed D. might be late for
50. Mike _______ come to see me I don’t want to go out in case he comes.
A. can B. must
C. may D. will
51. The thief ________ in from the kitchen window as the door was closed.
A. may climb B. must have climbed
C. could have climbed D. should have climbed
52. -You didn’t invite Bill?
- __________ him too?
A. Must I invite B. Must I have invited
C. Should I invite D. Should I have invited
53. -Why didn’t you attend the lecture yesterday?
-I didn’t think that we _______ on Sundays.
A. should B. ought to have
C. shouldn’t have D. will have to
54. It’s said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There ______ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t
C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
55. -Would you be here to attend the English party this evening?
-Yes, we _________.
A. shall B. would
C. will D. must
56. On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I _______ get up early and go fishing.
A. could B. would
C. might D. should
57. -You’d better keep quiet in class.
-Sometimes I ________ Yesterday, I was very quiet during my English class.
A. would B. do
C. did D. have
58. I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I ______ save most of my salary.
A. could B. would
C. was able to D. should
59. -Look, John’s fallen asleep.
- Oh, he _______ too late last night.
A. might sit up B. should have sat up
C. could sit up D. must have sat up
60. -I posted the letter a week ago.
-Then they __________ the letter by now. It usually takes four days.
A. can have received B. must receive
C. should receive D. ought to have received
61. He used to teach in that university and I _________ ride past it on my way to work.
A. would B. could
C. should D. might
62. -So you have to leave now.
-Yes, I __________.
-How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer!
A. have to B. ought to
C. do D. have
63. He _______ Shanghai, for I saw him talking with the headmaster a moment ago.
A. must have gone to B. can’t have gone to
C. mustn’t have been to D. can’t have been to
64. From what I learn about their hotel, the service and the weather, they _____ their holiday very much.
A. wouldn’t have enjoyed B. shouldn’t have enjoyed
C. needn’t have enjoyed D. can’t have enjoyed
65. It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _________ you when you called.
A. can’t have seen B. should not have seen
C. must not have seen D. need not have seen
66. -Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.
-Yes, but I think the weather office’s computers _________ be more accurate.
A. can B. must
C. ought to D. might
67. -The farmers lived near the high way.
-________ very noisy.
A. It must have been B. They must be
C. That might be D. There must be
68. She is too slow. She ________ pass the test, but she __________ too little.
A. would; knew B. will; knows
C. would; knows D. will; knew
69. -Mary didn’t turn up last time, did she?
-No. She_________. We had changed our plan.
A. shouldn’t have come B. needn’t have to come
C. didn’t need to come D. needn’t have come
70. -They haven’t finished the work up to now.
-Well, they________.
A. should B. should have
C. would D. must have
71. -Shall I go and buy more fruit for the party?
-No, I have already bought 3 baskets. That _________ be enough.
A. can B. ought to
C. may D. might
72. -Why hasn’t the speaker turned up?
-He _________ the flight. I’ll find it out at once.
A. must have missed B. might have missed
C. would have missed D. could have missed
73. I _______ pay Tom a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A. should B. might
C. would D. could
74. -Who is the girl standing over there?
- Well, if you _____ know, her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can
C. must D. shall
75. It has been announced that candidates (考生)________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will
C. may D. shall
【答案解析】
1.D。must表示推測。根據(jù)句意:他們一定正在等我們。所以用must be waiting。
2.D。由even though可知該題意為:她很勇敢,盡管她腿受了傷,她仍然設法獨自回家了。而be able to= manage to,有克服困難設法成功之意。
3.A。cannot / can not / never … too/ enough是一固定搭配,表示“越……越好”、“再……也不過分”。
4.C。考查情態(tài)動詞will的用法。will表示意志、意愿和決心。
5.B。used to和would都有“過去常?!敝猓玼sed to有今昔對比之意,現(xiàn)在再也不這樣了。而would無此用法。
6.C。解此題的關鍵:一、掌握反意疑問句的基本構成,即“前肯后否,前否后肯”。二、了解used to構成的反意疑問句有兩種 (didn’t和usedn’t或usen’t)。三、知道there構成的反意疑問句可由there直接構成,而不用it,所以選擇C。
7.B。can作為情態(tài)動詞,它有一特殊用法,即:表示“有時會”= is sometimes等一般情況。句意為:我們家住山頂,所以有時夏天風會很大。
8.B。shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句時表示征求對方意見或指示。二、三人稱表示說話人的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。
9.B。should意為“竟然”。should have done意為“竟然做了某事”。句意:我很驚訝,他竟然比賽輸了。
10.A。had better是一特殊情態(tài)動詞,它可以寫成better,但無論是had better,還是better,其反意疑問句均由had引導。此外,還遵循“前肯后否”的原則。故選A。
11.A。此題考查情態(tài)動詞ought to的特殊用法。它有表示“道德法律上的必須”之意。此句意為:“先生,您不能在這捕鹿,它們是國家保護動物”。can’t雖有“不能、不準”之意,但它不表示“法律上的不準,道義上的不能”之意,所以排除B。oughtn’t to相當于shouldn’t,但前者語氣更為強烈。won’t表示“不愿、不能”,故排除。needn’t表“不必”,不符合題意。因此排除D。
12.A。can不能用于肯定句中表示推測;will表將來或意愿;should have done意為“本應該……卻未……”。句子表達的是一種對過去的猜測,但可能性不大。
13.D。因?qū)υ捠菍^去事情的推測,所以不能選擇A和B。從上句意義可知:已坐了5個人的小車里再擠一個人一定不是舒服的旅行。答案為D。
14.C。表示對未來可能出現(xiàn)的一種事實的推測,但不是很肯定。
15.D。諺語:“三人行,必有我?guī)煛薄?/p>
16.A。本句意為“你能把那本我給你打電話時你提到的那本書借給我嗎?”,用過去進行時表示對過去情節(jié),場面的描述。
17.A。shall用于第一、第三人稱表示請求允許,“讓這個新來者試試好嗎?”
18.C?!拔覀儽静辉撚X得這么累,我們只是參加了個聚會嘛”。have been to是已發(fā)生的事實,“本不該”也是已經(jīng)存在的狀況。shouldn’t have felt是對已存在的情況的虛擬。shouldn’t“(照常理)本不應該”。
19.B。shall用于第三人稱表示征求許可。
20.B。第一句表示要“拜訪Mr Richardson”;第二個人因此說我給他發(fā)個電子郵件“so (that) he may know”以便于他可以知道“什么時候接我們(期待我們到達)”故選B。
21.C。說話人在主句中使用了過去時態(tài),因此,用來修飾從句的讓步狀語從句就必定是過去時態(tài),這樣,就排除了A、D項。should have done表示的是責備對方應該做某事而沒有做,上句已經(jīng)說明是走路而不是乘車,這樣,就把可would go排除了。
22.A。cannot / can not / never … too / enough是一固定搭配,表示“越……越好”、“再……也不過分”。
23.C。should have done意為“本該干某事”。must have done 意為“準是做了”,不合題意。
24.A。couldn’t have done表示對過去情況的推測,“過去不大可能發(fā)生某事”。B項表示本不必做某事而實際上卻已做了。C項形式錯。D項含有責備批評意味,用于肯定句表示在某時間之前應該完成的事而沒完成,用于否定句表示本不該做的事卻做了。
25.C。根據(jù)句意:研究結果表明我們每天都會有2小時在做夢,不管我們白天做了什么??崭裉帒潜硎緦Π滋焖龅氖虑榈牟豢隙ǖ耐茰y。故選C。
25.D。對現(xiàn)在所發(fā)生的事情的否定推測。
27.C。對過去發(fā)生的事情的否定推測。句意:-有人告訴我John今天上午又出車禍了。-我不相信。他不可能那么粗心的。couldn’t have done意為“不可能做了……”。
28.B。句意:就是玩電腦游戲浪費了這個小男孩很多時間,其實他本應當把時間化在學業(yè)上的。ought to have done含有責備批評之意。故答案為B。
29.C。根據(jù)此對話的語境,此空應是“你不可能知道,你當時正在國外讀書呢”。you couldn’t have是you couldn’t have known we were friends的簡略形式。該句式表示對過去有把握的否定推測。A項表示“也許知道”;B項表示 “沒必要知道”;D項表示“一定知道”。均不合題意。
30.C。前句是must have +過去分詞時,若前句強調(diào)對過去情況的推測(一般都有過去時間狀語),疑問部分的謂語動詞用didn’t + 主語;若前句強調(diào)動作的完成,疑問部分的謂語動詞用haven’t/ hasn’t +主語。根據(jù)題意,by the end of last month(到上月底為止),表示動作的完成。
31.C。can’t have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的行為不肯定。
32.D??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞的用法。can表“可以”,needn’t表“不必”。
33.D。句意:- 她一定回到峽谷了。 -不,不可能的。峽谷口找不到的。must have done的否定形式應是:can’t / couldn’t have done。
34.C。could have done意為“本來可以干某事”。
35.B。can’t have done表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的不肯定推測,意為“不可能干過某事”。
36.C。因為題目中由ought to, 其表示過去動作的have在省略回答時不能舍棄。
37.D。might表示把握性小的判斷,意為“也許”。從第二句話說話人要打電話查明,說明他不太清楚,所以用might。must表示有把握的推測.would和will表示推測時把握性僅決于must,意為“大概是……”。
38.D。A、B項因為第二空有并列連詞,排除,C項第一空意思不對,排除;D項第一空表示“將來”的時間,第二空表示“轉(zhuǎn)折”的含義。
39.A。shall用于第二、三人稱。表示意圖、意志、允諾、命令、命運或必然結果等,此處表示必然結果“她必須先去”。因為后面的從句說明了這種情況:“不管她是不是喜歡”,說明不由她個人決定。選項C表達不了這種意思。
40.A。should用于情態(tài)動詞時可以表示“應該會……,一定……吧”。外國人善于做餃子,他們做餃子的情形一定會很有趣。may只是用于不太確定的推測,不足以表達文中的含義can通常情況下用于疑問句和否定句的推測;will表示將來的情況,而外國人做餃子有趣是一般情況下都會發(fā)生的事情。
41.C。應該注意上句時態(tài)是was,“當時門是開著的”。對過去的事件的否定推測用can not have been。
42.A。must表猜測時,只用于肯定句,而依據(jù)They must be somewhere可以判斷答案。
43.C。mustn’t表示“禁止”“絕對不可能”,must表示猜測時,語氣比may更加肯定。
44.D。ought to可以表示“根據(jù)外界的事實或條件做出判斷”。can用于推測時常出現(xiàn)在否定句或疑問句中;may和might表示推測的不確定性。
45.D。根據(jù)語境,表示有把握的推測,“一定開始上課了”。must + 動詞原形是對現(xiàn)在情況推測,must + have done表示對過去或已發(fā)生的情況的推測,may表示把握性較小的推測。should表示預期,“應該會,一定會……吧”。
46.A。would在這里的意思是“過去經(jīng)常做某事”,符合語境,而B、C、D均無法使此句合理通順。
47.C。should do的意思是“應該會……,-定……吧”,表示“預期”。
48.C。根據(jù)語境,是對過去了的事情表示感謝。情態(tài)動詞 + have done,表示過去。would意為“會,將”。
49.C。根據(jù)上下文,他們還沒到這里的原因有可能是他們錯過了汽車。錯過汽車,沒按時到一定是一個過去的動作,所以排除B、D項。can表示推測時常用于否定句和疑問句中。故C項是最佳答案。
50.C。may在此表示對將來的事實進行猜測。
51.B。該句表示對過去的事實進行猜測,用C、D項含義均不對。
52.D。問句中使用了過去時態(tài),說明動作發(fā)生在“過去”;A、C項表示“現(xiàn)在”或者“將來”,排除。must不能和完成時一起用于疑問句,排除。這里should have done表示應該做某事而沒有做,帶有批評的口氣。
53.A。此句應該用情態(tài)動詞的省略形式,根據(jù)意思應用should。
54.C。wouldn’t表“不會”,一般用在過去時態(tài);mustn’t表“一定不可以,千萬不要”;shouldn’t表“應該不會”;needn’t表“沒必要”。
55.C。首先排除B、D,B表示一種委婉,此時沒必要,D項must語氣不對。shall表單純的將來,而will更好,表示我們將來愿意去。
56.B?!皐ould”表示一種經(jīng)常性動作,相當于“used to do”,但意思不完全相同。
57.B。do這一助動詞既指代了上文的“keep quiet in class”,又表強調(diào),由于此題設置的是通常狀態(tài)下,故選do,如果用來指過去的動作,則用did。
58.C。would表“會”,should為“應該”,題中could和was able to表“能夠”,符合題意。could為天生所能達到的,而was able to是經(jīng)努力所能達到的,因此符合“省錢”語境。
59.D。譯為:-看!約翰睡著了。-他一定是昨天晚上熬夜熬得大晚了。must表示有根據(jù)的,較為肯定的推測。
60.D。從by now看應該是完成時態(tài),排除B、C,從It usually takes four days看,應是ought to“應該”,選D。
61.A。would表示過去某一段時間一直重復做的事情。
62.A。have to表示由于客觀原因“不得不”,不能分開;ought to等于should,表示“應該”,do在此句中不能用,不能代替have to。
63.B。can’t have done表示對過去情況的一種比較有把握的判斷。根據(jù)下半句:因為一會兒時間前我看見他正和校長談話可判斷:他不可能去了上海。
64.D。can’t have done表示對過去的行為動作的否定,從上文來看“根據(jù)我所了解的情況,他們不可能這個假期很快樂”,A項表示“可能已經(jīng),該已”,B項表示“過去該做而未做”,C項表示“本來不需做而實際上做了”。
65.A。can’t have done表示對過去事實的推測,意為“肯定沒有……”。should not have done表示不該做而做了;need not have done表示沒必要做而做了;只有must have done,無mustn’t have done形式,mustn’t表禁止。根據(jù)句意“不像是Jack不友好”,下句是表推測的,“所以肯定是當你喊他時他沒看到你”。
66.C。此題考查的是情態(tài)動詞的用法。can是 “可以、可能、能夠”的意思;must則是“必須”;might表推測。聯(lián)系上下文意,均不可選。而ought to意為“應該”,有更大的事實依據(jù)。根據(jù)實際情況,the weather office’s computers也確實更準確些,故選C。
67.A。對話中第一句是對過去一件事情的陳述,因此下一句中對過去某種情況的推測應該用must have done句型,故選A。
68.C。前一個空填would,意為“(在過去某個時間)她想要通過考試”,后一空用knows,是在陳述一個事實,意為“但她知道的太少了”。
69.C。shouldn’t have come意為“本不應該來” ,暗含 “她來過了” 的意思,與題意不符;needn’t have to come中need為情態(tài)動詞,傾向于主觀上的“必要”,與題中給出條件“We had changed our plan”不符;didn’t need to come中的need to do表示“(有責任、有義務)做某事”,符合題意。
70.B。should have done意為“本應該做某事(但實際上沒做)”。
71.B。四個選項在句中都不錯,只根據(jù)說話人語氣,“已經(jīng)買了三籃水果”因為不必再買了,說明她認為已經(jīng)夠了,是一種比較肯定的語氣,而不是猜測語氣。
72.B。在不確定問題答案之前,我們用不肯定的語氣“may”或“might”表推測,又因為推測的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,B項最正確,符合語境。
73.A。選項A表示“在某種意義上應該干……”;選項B、D均表示“過去的一種可能性”。根據(jù)題意,只能選A。
74.C。選項A表示允許,意為“可以”;選項B表示能力,意為“能夠”;選項C表示主張,意為“偏偏,偏要”;選項D表示說話者的意圖、命令或決心,意為“必須、一定”。故選C。又如:The car must broke down just as we were going on our holiday.
75.D。shall 用于陳述句第二、第三人稱時,表示說話人的意圖、允諾、警告、命令、決心等,意思是“必須、應該、可以”。句意:據(jù)宣布,考生在收卷前必須坐在自己的座位上。
教材簡析
《互相介紹》是一年級上冊首篇口語交際訓練篇目。教材突出語文學科的性質(zhì)特點,緊密聯(lián)系生活實際,讓學生學會互相介紹,從小培養(yǎng)合作精神和最基本的交際能力,為學生自主、和諧、全面發(fā)展奠定基礎。
教學理念
口語交際教學應從語文學科的性質(zhì)、任務出發(fā),堅持走發(fā)展兒童語言的路子,根據(jù)剛?cè)雽W不久的兒童口語水平高于書面語言的實際和智慧潛能,創(chuàng)設情境搭建平臺,將口語訓練建立在一個較高的起點上,建立在一個三維目標的框架內(nèi),借助規(guī)范、嚴格、扎實的口語能力訓練,不失時機地促進學生思維的發(fā)展和讀寫能力的提高,培養(yǎng)禮貌的交際態(tài)度,養(yǎng)成良好的交際習慣和語言習慣。
教學目標
1敝傅佳生讀懂本課口語訓練要求,學習用普通話進行互相介紹。
2蓖ü互相模擬介紹訓練,學習言之有序地自我介紹的方法。學習運用得體的儀態(tài)和語態(tài)進行對話交流,講文明禮貌。
3苯患手幸注意傾聽別人說話,養(yǎng)成良好的習慣。
教學時間
1課時。
教學過程
一、創(chuàng)設情境,搭建平臺
上課鈴聲一落,老師剛進教室,校長就領著一個學生敲門進來,說:“學校給你們班安排一名新生,你們先互相介紹一下,交個朋友。
師撫摸新生對全班同學說:“大家初次見面,你與他,他與你,互相都不了解,這就需要互相作個自我介紹,也就是自我說明。”(板書:互相介紹)齊讀課題。
(創(chuàng)設交際情境,使口語訓練生活化、實用化,有效地摒除為交際而交際,為訓練而訓練的弊端。在交際中反復出現(xiàn)生詞“互相”“介紹”,潛移默化地培養(yǎng)學生理解語言的能力。)
二、提供素材,積累經(jīng)驗
1.怎么介紹?我先學一學幾種介紹方式,大家評一評,看得體不得體。
(1)師放大嗓門,冷冰冰地對新生說:“我叫!”
評:面對面互相介紹,口語表達要求之一:語氣要親切,聲音要適度。
(2)師板著臉,埋頭看著書說:“我叫?!?/p>
評:面對面互相介紹,口語表達要求之二:目視對方,面帶微笑。
(3)師一邊挖鼻吼,一邊對新生說:“我叫?!?/p>
評:面對面互相介紹,口語表達要求之三:儀態(tài)要端莊,舉止要文明。
2.師與新生做正確示范互相介紹,而后安排新生入座。
3.同桌互相介紹姓名。
(把課堂教學引入生活,引導學生在生活情境中表達情感,積累經(jīng)驗,化成智慧,培養(yǎng)人格。)
三、引讀課文,拓展演練
1.在實際生活中,大家初次見面,只介紹姓名(板書:姓名),還不能幫助對方更多地了解你。再介紹點什么內(nèi)容呢?請打開書52頁,借助拼音自讀課文中的要求。
2.師指導學生先讀準字音,再讀成詞,讀成句,讀懂意思。(板書:家、事、游戲)
3.請新來的同學站起向大家作自我介紹。
預設:我叫于小陽,家住在東風西街28號。平時我喜歡看書,一到星期天,就和同學到少年宮去打乒乓球。
4.師點撥:互相介紹是雙方互動的事,與別人面對面地作自我介紹,不能光顧自己說。說完了還應主動地提出一些問題或要求,來引起對方發(fā)言。這樣做會顯得更親切,更有禮貌。
(1)想一想,如果你想要對方介紹自己還應該怎么說?
(2)如果你想與對方交朋友,還應該怎么說?
(3)如果要求對方在學習上給予你幫助,還應該怎么說?
(4)想一想自己還有什么要求,應該怎么說?……
同桌互相練習。
5.選3組學生上講臺展示。
(課堂教學是教師、學生、文本之間對話的過程。在互動中交流情感,在思維碰撞中發(fā)展語言,學會交際。)
四、提出問題,引發(fā)思考
其實,互相介紹不僅僅指自我介紹,也可以介紹別人。如果你回到家,媽媽要你介紹你們班這位新來的同學,你該怎么說?
(課堂教學活動的價值不在于學生掌握多少知識、多少技能,而在于喚醒學生的探究欲,引發(fā)更多的思考。)
一、目的:
1、通過活動鍛煉幼兒的生活能力和動手能力,同時培養(yǎng)孩子愛勞動的好習慣。
2、通過包餃子活動,讓幼兒了解餃子的文化,產(chǎn)生包餃子的興趣。體驗勞動的快樂。
家人一起過節(jié)的快樂。
二、時間:
冬至日,。下午:14:00—16:30。
三、過程:
習俗、文化等方面的知識,知道每年的12月21日或者12月22日是我國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日—冬至。
① 肉(已絞好的)、芹菜、雞蛋(已炒好的)、韭菜、蘿卜、白菜、蔥姜、調(diào)味佐料、餃子皮(做好的)、案板,小碗若干、小勺若干、盛餡盆、淘菜盆、鍋具等。
②小朋友在老師的指揮下,在教室用桌子組合操作臺,小朋友分坐在操作臺的四周。小朋友們表演手指操《包餃子》,為即將開始的包餃子活動營造氣氛。
③生活老師把芹菜(每桌一小碟子蔥姜)、韭菜、蘿卜、白菜分配給提前預設的桌子,小朋友在老師的指導下摘除菜葉,削掉皮、淘洗干凈。(此過程老師應組織得有趣。)
④生活老師把收集上來淘洗干凈的芹菜、韭菜、蘿卜、白菜、蔥姜進行切碎。班級老師請小朋友逐個觀看切菜的過程。
由于提前根據(jù)家長準備的材料和菜品對小朋友進行了分組,每組按照餃子餡的不同進行不同程度的攪拌,每桌請一名家長把切碎的菜和肉(雞蛋)放進盛餡盆并依次加入鹽、味精、五香粉、餃子調(diào)料、醬油、雞蛋等,進行搓和、拌餡。請小朋友依次參觀。(并說明雞蛋的用途為增強黏度,醬油為調(diào)色,好看、增強食欲)
生活老師把餃子皮分給小朋友(,班級老師把做好的四種口味的餃子餡分別放在小朋友的餃子皮上,然后,班級老師進行示范,小朋友依示范進行包餃子。(評出包得又快又好的餃子,對小朋友進行獎勵,獎小禮品一份)
生活老師集中包好的餃子,放進開水的鍋里。水煮開添涼水一勺,共三遍,至直餃子熟透。請個別小朋友參觀?;匕嗪笾v給小朋友們聽。
6、吃餃子階段:
生活老師把煮熟的餃子分發(fā)到每個小朋友的餐具中,請小朋友們品嘗自己包的餃子。(此階段氣氛應更為活躍:這是誰包的餃子?盛的數(shù)量?)
四、回顧:
活動后,請小朋友們進行討論包餃子的過程,老師總結。
一、創(chuàng)建“無傳銷校園” 迫在眉睫
傳銷是指組織者或經(jīng)營者發(fā)展人員,通過對被發(fā)展人員以其直接或者間接發(fā)展的人員數(shù)量或者銷售業(yè)績?yōu)橐罁?jù)計算和給付報酬,或者要求被發(fā)展人員以交納一定費用為條件取得加入資格等方式牟取非法利益,擾亂經(jīng)濟秩序,影響社會穩(wěn)定的行為。簡單的'說傳銷是把產(chǎn)品以高于產(chǎn)品價值本身的價格通過發(fā)展下線的方式賣給消費者,是違法行為。國際上習慣將多層次營銷稱為“傳銷”,單層次營銷稱為直銷。直銷19世紀中葉在美國出現(xiàn),一百多年來這種商家和消費者雙贏的經(jīng)營模式在全球迅速發(fā)展。隨著我國改革開放,這種商業(yè)經(jīng)營模式也進入我國。最早進入我國的知名企業(yè)如“安利”、“雅芳”等取得了很大成功,同時也帶動了這種經(jīng)營模式的發(fā)展。但是,由于我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟尚不完善,法律法規(guī)不健全完備,管理手段比較落后,造成這種“店鋪加直銷員”的多層次營銷方式很快被一些不法分子利用,大肆從事非法經(jīng)營、集資詐騙,銷售假冒偽劣商品等違法犯罪活動,導致這種被國外稱為“老鼠會”、“金字塔銷售”的非法的傳銷在全國盛行,給國家和人民造成巨大損失。雖然國務院于1998年4月頒布了《關于禁止傳銷經(jīng)營活動的通知》等文件使得傳銷活動沉寂一時,但很快又死灰復燃并呈迅速滋生之勢。傳銷渠道更加多樣,人員來源更加廣泛,組織結構更加嚴密,控制手段更加惡劣,對抗執(zhí)法更加突出,危害更加嚴重,活動更加隱蔽。很多受騙群眾因生活無著,有的盜竊、搶劫,有的自殺或殺人,嚴重破壞了正常的市場和社會秩序,引發(fā)各種社會問題,引起了黨和政府的高度關注。
值得注意的是,隨著傳銷活動的猖獗和蔓延,傳銷組織者已經(jīng)將黑手伸向大學校園。近年來發(fā)生在大學校園內(nèi)的一系列傳銷事件,不僅擾亂了大學正常的教學和生活秩序,也嚴重影響了大學生的身心健康。他們利用招聘畢業(yè)生和青年學生涉世未深、急于就業(yè)、渴望成功等特點和心理,拉攏學生加入“傳銷”組織。一些學生在實習或?qū)で舐殬I(yè)上上當受騙,個別學生甚至被傳銷組織者控制,傳銷活動呈現(xiàn)出向?qū)W校進一步滲透發(fā)展的趨勢。去年以來,廣西桂林市查處以推銷遠程教育網(wǎng)絡為名誘騙大中專院校在校學生參加的傳銷活動,涉及桂林某專科學校等3個大中專院校在校師生100余人。去年4月至5月,僅廣東東莞、湖南株州就先后查處多個誘騙大學生參加的傳銷窩點,涉及在校學生200余名。
為嚴密防范、嚴厲打擊傳銷活動,確保學生人身安全和切身利益,維護學校正常的教學和生活秩序,各級綜治辦、工商行政管理機關、教育行政部門、公安機關和各大中專院校要認真貫徹落實《教育部、公安部、國家工商行政管理總局關于開展防止傳銷進校園工作的通知》精神,在各駐地大中專院校積極開展“無傳銷校園”活動,這是為學生健康成長創(chuàng)造良好社會環(huán)境的必然要求,具有十分重要的意義。
由于傳銷活動具有欺騙性、非法斂財性、頑固性、參與人員成分的復雜多樣性、組織形式的黑色社會及邪教性,要切實開展創(chuàng)建“無傳銷校園”活動,必須以黨的會議精神為指導,深入貫徹落實科學發(fā)展觀,按照構建社會主義和諧社會的總體要求,充分發(fā)揮黨政領導、部門聯(lián)動、密切協(xié)作、綜合治理的體制優(yōu)勢,建立起“防范及時、打擊有力、教育有效”的長效工作機制,切實維護和諧穩(wěn)定的校園治安秩序。
二、工作目標
通過開展創(chuàng)建“無傳銷校園”活動,使廣大師生深入了解傳銷的危害,進一步提高廣大青年學生對傳銷的識別能力和防范意識,自覺抵制和拒絕參與傳銷活動,凈化校園環(huán)境,努力在校園中營造自覺遠離、抵制傳銷的濃厚氛圍,引導廣大青年學生健康成長發(fā)展。
三、職責分工
綜治辦:負責牽頭組織、協(xié)調(diào)、落實各項工作措施。把創(chuàng)建“無傳銷校園”工作納入“平安建設”、社會治安綜合治理工作的范圍,同部署、同督導、同落實,形成防止傳銷進校園的整體工作格局。
工商行政管理機關:與教育、公安等部門密切配合、協(xié)調(diào)聯(lián)動,加強對創(chuàng)建“無傳銷校園”活動的指導和協(xié)調(diào);認真排查涉及學生的傳銷活動和傳銷組織情況,繼續(xù)開展聯(lián)合執(zhí)法;加強對人才市場招聘信息及網(wǎng)絡招聘信息的監(jiān)管,及時清理以招聘為名誘騙學生進行傳銷活動的信息,查處發(fā)布虛假廣告的企業(yè)、組織和個人,堵住傳銷組織進行誘騙的渠道;依法查處直銷企業(yè)違規(guī)招募在校學生的行為;共同組織開展好主題宣傳教育活動,引導學生增強識別、抵制傳銷的能力。
教育行政部門:把創(chuàng)建“無傳銷校園”工作同“平安校園”建設、加強維護學校穩(wěn)定工作結合起來,納入學校安全責任制和安全管理工作制度,落實到每項工作和每項環(huán)節(jié);將此項工作貫穿于學生教育管理的全過程,不斷增強宣傳教育活動的針對性和實效性;加強對學生的教育和管理,協(xié)助工商行政管理機關和公安機關做好涉及傳銷學生的說服和勸返工作。
大中專院校:精心設計和組織開展創(chuàng)建“無傳銷校園”主題宣傳教育活動,加強對學生的法制宣傳教育,幫助學生了解傳銷的危害、防范傳銷的基本知識及打擊傳銷的政策與法律法規(guī);加強對校園寢室、校園出租房屋的管理,健全出入登記、值班巡邏等內(nèi)部治安保衛(wèi)規(guī)章制度;在日常工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)學生參與傳銷活動,及時向工商行政管理機關、公安機關反映,配合做好調(diào)查處理工作。
公安機關:與工商、教育等部門密切配合,依托學校保衛(wèi)部門,加強對創(chuàng)建“無傳銷校園”活動的指導和協(xié)調(diào)。及時發(fā)布預警提示,提高防范傳銷的意識和能力。依法嚴厲打擊以介紹工作、從事經(jīng)營活動等名義,誘騙在校學生參與傳銷、限制學生人身自由的傳銷組織,嚴懲組織者和骨干分子;及時解救被傳銷組織控制的學生,確保學生的人身安全,積極預防和制止由此引發(fā)的不穩(wěn)定事端。
四、工作措施
根據(jù)去年7月31日教育部、公安部、國家工商總局聯(lián)合下發(fā)的《關于開展防止傳銷進校園工作的通知》精神,教育部、公安部、國家工商行政管理總局要從當?shù)貍麂N活動的實際情況出發(fā),聯(lián)合舉行防止傳銷進校園宣傳教育報告會,對防止傳銷進校園認真進行部署。對此,各級、各部門在工作中要重點做好五方面工作。
一要積極開展主題宣傳教育活動,提高學生防范傳銷的意識和能力。教育部門和各大中專院校要充分發(fā)揮課堂教學的主導作用,把主題宣傳教育活動同講授《思想道德修養(yǎng)與法律基礎》課程、加強形勢與政策教育結合起來,采取專題講座、形勢報告等靈活多樣的教學方式,幫助學生了解傳銷的危害、防范傳銷的基本知識及打擊傳銷的政策與法律法規(guī)。要把防范傳銷作為新生入學教育、畢業(yè)生就業(yè)指導和離校教育的重要內(nèi)容,組織開展有聲有色、入心入腦的專題教育。充分運用廣播電視、校報校刊、校園網(wǎng)絡等各種載體,通過召開座談會、散發(fā)尋穿資料、組織專題展覽等多種形式,營造抵制傳銷的良好氛圍。各級工商、公安機關要積極主動地參與和指導主題宣傳教育活動。要以宣傳《禁止傳銷條例》和《直銷管理條例》為重點,把講解專業(yè)知識、剖析典型案例、組織受騙人員現(xiàn)身說法等生動直觀的教育方式結合起來,引導學生增強識別傳銷的能力,自覺做到知法、懂法、守法。根據(jù)需要,定期選派執(zhí)法人員深入大中專院校開展專題講座。
二要加強校園安全管理和學生管理,防止傳銷向校園滲透。教育部門和各大中專院校要把創(chuàng)建“無傳銷校園”工作同安全文明校園建設工作、加強維護校園穩(wěn)定工作結合起來,納入學校安全責任制和安全管理工作制度,分解落實到人、落實到每項工作和每個環(huán)節(jié)。加強對校內(nèi)講壇、論壇、講座和報告會等的管理,加強校園安全巡邏,嚴禁任何傳銷組織及人員在校園內(nèi)進行任何形式的宣傳、盅惑及誘騙活動。在日常工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)學生參與傳銷活動,及時向公安機關、工商行政管理機關反映,配合做好調(diào)查處理工作。充分發(fā)揮思想政治工作作隊伍的作用,組織輔導員、班主任深入學生班級、宿舍,及時了解和掌握學生思想動態(tài),一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)學生有參與傳銷的苗頭,及時教育阻止。充分發(fā)揮黨團組織在教育、團結和聯(lián)系學生方面的優(yōu)勢,注重依托班級、社團、學生會等組織形式,引導學生自我教育、自我管理、自我服務,把抵御傳銷的客觀要求內(nèi)化為學生的自覺行動。針對寒暑假以及學生開展社會實踐、聯(lián)系工作等重點時段,突出傳銷活動相對集中的重點地區(qū),采取切實可行的措施方法,加強對外出實習學生、畢業(yè)班學生等重點學生群體的教育和管理。做好受騙參加過傳銷活動學生的教育、安撫工作,消除不良影響和隱患。對極少數(shù)不服從教育管理,多次參加傳銷活動或在傳銷活動中起重要作用的學生,按照學生管理規(guī)章制度,給予必要的紀律處分。
三要建立校園防范、打擊傳銷信息交流機制,形成防范傳銷監(jiān)管網(wǎng)絡。工商行政管理機關、公安機關、大中專院校要成立聯(lián)合辦事機構,定期召開會議,研究傳銷形勢,建立一個以校園人口為主要內(nèi)容的綜合信息平臺,實現(xiàn)計算機信息化管理,推動構建校園監(jiān)管體系。加強對校園人口的管理,對參與傳銷活動的人員建立信息檔案并加強監(jiān)管。
四要建立校園防范、打擊傳銷快速反應機制,嚴防傳銷進入校園。工商行政管理機關和公安機關要繼續(xù)開展聯(lián)合執(zhí)法,加大對誘騙學生參與傳銷行為的打擊力度,集中力量查處大案、要案,嚴懲組織者和骨干分子,摧毀銷售網(wǎng)絡。要會同教育行政部門和學校,堅持以教育為主,把做好受騙學生的解救工作放在突出位置,采取一切必要措施,盡早、盡快解救被傳銷組織控制的學生,確保學生的人身安全。
五要落實責任、加強督導和情況搜集保送工作。各部門要制定專門的方案,落實責任制,主要領導親自部署,分管領導靠上抓,層層抓落實,形成工商、公安、學校橫向配合,學校、教師、學生縱向聯(lián)動的工作格局。同時,要加強督促檢查和考核,推動工作落實。要定期聯(lián)合對學校學生參與傳銷情況進行摸底排查,發(fā)現(xiàn)線索和問題及時上報。
模塊三 語法專練:名詞性從句
【考點透視】
在中學英語中,名詞性從句是復合句中構成和分類最為復雜的部分。根據(jù)近年來高考英語命題的走向,今后它將仍然是考查的熱點。其主要考點分布在:名詞性從句的語序、名詞性從句的連接詞的辨析、有關名詞性從句的常見句型等。
名詞性從句在句中的作用相當于名詞,共有四種:主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。
引導名詞性從句的連詞有:
①連接代詞:who,whose,whom,what,which。
②連接副詞:when,where,why,how。
③其他連接詞:that,whether,if,as if。
注意:
①連接代詞和連接副詞在句中不是疑問詞,因此從句中不用疑問式(即不要倒裝)。
②連接代詞和連接副詞在句中充當句子成分。
③連接詞that,whether,if,as if在句中只起連接作用,不充當句子成分。
(一)主語從句
主語從句在句中作主語,它可以放在主句謂語動詞之前,但是當主語從句太長時,同是把它放在句子后部,前面用it作形式主語,如:
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 你來還是不來,關系不大。
(whether you will come or not是主語從句,it在句中作形式主語)
(二)表語從句
表語從句在句中作表語,位于主句系動詞之后。如:
That’s why he was late.
注意:表語從句還可用as if引導。如:
She looked as if she was going to cry.
(三)賓語從句
賓語從句在句子中作及物動詞或介詞賓語,在使用賓語從句時有以下幾點需要注意:
1.時態(tài)呼應:當主句謂語動詞是過去時態(tài),賓語從句要使用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。
2.介詞之后的賓語從句,一般不用if或which連接,要用what或whether。
3.whether和if都可以引導動詞之后的賓語從句,二者??苫Q,但是在正式文體中.或從句中有or not時,只用whether,不用if。
4.注意否定前移:當主句是I / We think (或suppose,expect,believe,imagine,guess) 時,其后的賓語從句如果是否定的,常常把否定詞not從從句移到主句。比較:
I think you are not right.
I don’t think you are right.
I believe they won’t win the game.
I don’t believe they will win the game.
(四)同位語從句
同位語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名詞后面,用以說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。常跟同位語從句的名詞主要有:idea,news,fact,promise,answer,belief,condition.doubt,fear,hope,problem,proof,question,reply,report,suggestion,thought,truth等。
同位語從句可由that,whether,when,how等連詞引導。
【題例精析】
【例1】 Your ability has never been in doubt - the question is _______ you are prepared to work hard. (啟東中學3月卷)
A. that B. whether
C. if D. how
【易錯點悟】解答該題的關鍵是要注意連接詞if 和whether引導名詞性從句的用法區(qū)別。
【要點精析】根據(jù)題干意義“……問題是你是否準備努力學習”,因此選項A、D不符合句子意思;if在名詞性從句中僅可以連接賓語從句,不可引導其它名詞性從句,故應排除。
【答案】B
【例2】The recent information has been put forward________ more high school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. as B. which
C. while D. that
【易錯點悟】解答該題的關鍵是分析句子意思,推斷從句類型。
【要點精析】該題是主語從句,分析從句意義可知,選項B、C、D連接主語從句時,意義不成立,故應選連接詞that,that在此無意義,僅起連接作用。
【答案】A
【專項檢測】
1. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from ______ she used to be.
A. that B. whom
C. what D. who
2. Who do you think the doctor will have _______ first, John or Kate?
A. examine B. to examine
C. examining D. examined
3. ―What Re you anxious about?
―__________.
A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeed
C. Do we succeed D. That we can succeed
4. Everything depends on ________ they will support you about it.
A. if B. which
C. whether D. that
5. Lily has some idea ______ she’s going to be when she grows up.
A. what B. that
C. as D. which
6. _____ happens to call while I am out of the office, please have him leave the message for me.
A. Who B. Anyone
C. Someone D. Whoever
7. ―Would you like to have a swim with us in the sea?
―I will ask my palms _________.
A. whether they will agree to do B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to
8. The reason why I plan to go is _______ if I don’t.
A. because she will be disappointed
B. that she will be disappointed
C. because she will have a disappointment
D. for she will be disappointed
9. ―I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
― Oh, that was probably ______ I was seeing a doeth.
A. when B. why
C. what D. that
10. That is _______ I was born and grew up.
A. there B. in which
C. where D. the place
11. Please tell me _____ you would like to have your coffee ―black or white?
A. what B. where
C. when D. how
12. I don’t think ______ Jenny can come home this weekend.
A. if B. why
C. that D. when
13. ______ get such a book?
A. Where do you think can I B. Do you think where can I
C. Do you think when I can D. Where do you think I can
14. ―My foot hurts terribly, doctor.
―Well, I wonder ______ it has been like this.
A. since when B. since then
C. how D. when
15. ―Do you know _____ Mr. Black’s address is?
―He may live at No. 18 or 19 Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ________.
A. what; which B. where; which
C. where; what D. what; where
16. Those children me wild. I feel sorry for _______ has to be their babysitter.
A. whoever B. who
C. whomever D. someone
17. ―Do _______ you think is right, _________ they say.
―Yes. I_________.
A. as; what; do B. as; whatever; will
C. what; what; can D. what; whatever; will
18. Do you know _______ the peasants make of the fallen fruit?
A. how B. how useful
C. what D. what use
19. ―John has got a very good job in the government.
―_______ he looks so happy.
A. It’s natural B. That’s because
C. No wonder D. As though
20. ―Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
― I really don’t know ______ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B that
C. how D. if
21. It was said _____ was all ______ he said.
A. that that; that B. that that what
C. which it; that D. that what; that
22. A man’s worth lies not so much in _____ he has but in _______ he is.
A. what; who B. what; what
C. that; that D. what; all
23. He was so angry at all _______ he was doing ________ he walked out.
A. what; that B. that; that
C. that; what D. what; what
24. If the south had won the war,________ is now the United States might have been divided into several countries.
A. what B. where
C. then D. that
25. It was with great courage ______ the boy told the truth _______ he had stolen the money.
A. which; that B. when; what
C. as; that D. that; that
26. ________ I can’t understand is ________ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; bow
C. That; why D. What; because
27. That was______ was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B. where
C. ale place D. then, where
28. It is said that the famous football star is not waling to play for ________ would pay him three million dollars a year.
A. anyone B. whomever
C. no matter who D. whoever
29. ―Did you hear the news this morning?
―Oh, yes, ________ was announced on the radio has caused great excitement among pupils.
A. that B. what
C. something D. all what
30. In some countries, ________ are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
31. ________ happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.
A. That B. What
C. Which D. Whether
32. One of the men present held the view _______ the book said was fight.
A. what that B. what
C. that D. that what
33. Living things are dying nut quickly. First, we should ask ______ destroying them in the past years.
A. what pad people have been playing
B. people have played in
C. what part people have played in
D. people have been playing what part
34. I remember_______ the factory owned a small workshop and 2 machines.
A. when B. how
C. whether D. what
35. _______ people spend so much money on their pets _________ us a lot.
A. That; surprises B. What; surprising
C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised
36. Now that you have a job, you must exert yourself in _______ you do at work.
A. however B. no matter what
C. no matter how D. whatever
37. Mary said it was very important to her that she ________ her work.
A. is liking B. like
C. likes D. liked
38. _______ all the inventions have in common is _______ they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that
C. What; that D. That; what
39. The boy dived into the water and after _______ seemed to be a long time. he came up again.
A. what B. that
C. it D. which
40. It was not until dark _____ he found _______ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A. that; what B. that; that
C. when; that D. wheal what
41. Professor Lee’s book will show you _____ can be used in other fields.
A. that you have obeyed B. how that yon have observe
C. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed
42. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _______ more than 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alike D. what is now Alaska
43. Mr. Brown said that he was always right, then I discovered, _________ was news to me, to _____he was wrong.
A. which; because B. which; as
C. what; that D. it; that
44. Why don't you bring _________ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. this B. that
C. what D. it
45. We believe ________ you have been devoted to _______ naturally of great necessity.
A. that; being B. all that; be
C. that all; are D. what; is
46. Having traveled eight hours on end, we finally reached ______ is now a big city.
A. which B. what
C. where D. it
47. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he is likely to be away for three months.
A. except B. except for
C. except mm D. in addition
48. All I want to say is _______ we need more time.
A. this B. it
C. that D. which
49. His ability has never been in doubt ― the question is ______ he is prepared to work hard.
A. whether B. if
C. that D. where
50. ________ they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
A. What B. That
C. How D. Whether
51. ―Where would you like to go?
―I don't mind _____ I go; I will go _____ you want to go.
A. where; the place B. where; wherever
C. the place; wherever D. wherever; no matter where
52. Although ________ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
A. this B. what
C. how D. it
53. I'm wondering _______ he expects will win the gold medal in the men's Single.
A. who B. whom
C. which D what
54. ―What is that building?
― ________ the students have their dancing classes.
A. The building that B. There
C. That's the building which D. That's where
55. ―I don't think that Bob will come here again today.
―Please give the book to _______ comes here first.
A. whoever B. whomever
C. who D. whom
56. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, ________ we would admit him for a short period.
A. / B. that
C. whether D. what
57. The doctors are trying to reduce the patient’s fear _________he would die of the disease.
A. which B. when
C. that D. if
58. It is strange that such a thing _________ in your school.
A. will happen B. happens
C. should happen D. happened
59. Is it true ________ the rain stops, it will be as hot as in the summer here? (2006啟東4月卷)
A. when B. that when
C. whenever D. that
60. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. (2006重慶卷)
A. why B. that
C. where D. because
61. Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (2006全國卷I)
A. where B. when
C. how D. what
62. ―It’s thirty years since we last met.
―But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got lost on a rainy night.
(2006四川卷)
A. which B. that
C. what D. when
【答案解析】
1.C。what he /she / it used to be已經(jīng)成為一種習慣說法,意為“過去的樣子”。what指一種情況,并非指人,所以不可用who/whom。正確答案是C。
2.D。who可以代替whom在句中作have的賓語。而examined和賓語存在被動關系,用作賓語補足語。正確答案是D。
3.A。主句承前省略,答案只保留了賓語從句,這樣不管在意義和結構方面都要和賓語從句一致;由上下文情景可知A選項最佳。
4.C。depend on是固定詞組“依靠”,其中介詞on之后的賓語從句只可用whether引導。
5.A。idea是從句前面的先行名詞;what引導同位語從句,在從句中作賓語。很明顯從句部分是對前面先行名詞的具體內(nèi)容的進一步說明。正確答案是A。
6.D。whoever表示“無論是誰”。正確答案是D。
7.C。本題考點是賓語從句。go是第一次出現(xiàn),不可省略;是“父母親讓我去(let me go)”才合題意。正確答案是C。
8.B。the reason后面的表語從句中應用that而不是because引導。正確答案是B。
9.A。題意:“你十點鐘打電話時”正是“我看醫(yī)生之時”。在題干中用作表語從句。
10.C。where引導表語從句,B項不能引導表語從句,其他選項意思與題干不符。
11.D。加牛奶的咖啡為white coffee,所以black or white表示方式,這樣以說明說話人想要表達的準確意義。正確答案是D。
12.C。本題考查賓語從句。Jenny can come home this weekend是個完整的句子,因此引導詞用that。
13.D。do you think為插入語,在含有插入語的句子中,謂語動詞用陳述句語序。正確答案是D。
14.A。句意所缺部分表示“自從何時起”。when引導的部分說明的是一個時間點。
15.A。What's one's address?是表示問某人地址的交際語,不可用when。which描指代十八或十九中的一個。
16.A。所缺引導詞引導賓語從句且作has的主語。因此要使用主格,在從句中充當主語。
17.D。you think為插入語;whatever引導讓步狀語從句;I will表示將來的動作。正確答案是D。
18.D。make use of 中的use被當作了先行詞。正確答案是D。
19.C。no wonder表示“難怪;怪不得”。后面的部分用作同位語從句。
20.A。本題考點是賓語從句。其中help sb. with sth.用法中的賓語由what充當。
21.A。本題考查 it + be + v-ed +that-從句。第一個空中的第二個that表示“那”,第二空中的that引導定語從句修飾all。正確答案是A。
22.B。he has和he is后分別需要賓語和表語,what引導從句。正確答案是B。
23.B。第一空中由that引導定語從句,第二空后是so ... that...引導的結果狀語從句。
24.A。what引導土語從句,吐在主句中用作主語。
25.D。第一空引導強調(diào)句,后一空引導同位語從句,其先行名詞是truth,說明其具體內(nèi)容。
26.A。what引導主語從句,且作understand的賓語,后一空表示原因。
27.A。本題考查主語從句。what引導主語從句,且作was called的主語。
28,D。whoever引導賓語從句,且作would pay的主語。
29.B。what引導主語從句,且作主語。
30.C。what引導主語從句,并在主語從句中作主語。句意為“在許多國家,所謂的公立學校并非公眾所有”。
31.B。that引導主語從句只起連接作用,在從句中不作任何成分,無意義,但不能省略。what除引導主語外,還在從句中作成分。which指一定范圍內(nèi)的“哪一個”;whether意為“是否”。根據(jù)句意“世上的事喜憂交替”可知答案為B。
32.D。that引導同位語從句:what the book said是同位語從句中的主語。正確答案是D。
33.C。賓語從句應用陳述語序,play a part in意為“(在……中)扮演角色,(在……中)起作用”。
34.A。該屬考查when引導的賓語從句。句意為“我記得曾經(jīng)這個工廠只有一個小車間和兩臺機器”,只有when指時間。
35.A。第一空考查主語從句,主謂賓齊全,要用that引導,第二空考查謂語動詞,用單數(shù)形式。
36.D。在介詞的賓語從句中作do的賓語,要用what或whoever。
37.B。在It is important/necessary that ...句型中,it是形式主語,其后的從句是主語從句;主語從句要用虛擬語氣,should可省略。直接用動詞原形。
38.C。第一空考查主語從句中what充當have的賓語,第二空考查表語從句,不缺成分,that不可省。
39.A。在after之后的賓語從句中缺主語要用what,而不用it,表示the period/time that,意為“在那看似很長的一段時間之后”。
40.A。第一空是考查not until的強調(diào)句型,第二空是賓語從句中的主語,用what。
41.D。這是賓語從句里再帶有主語從句的復雜的句子。章為:“李教授的書將告訴你所觀察到的東西如何應用到其他領域”。
42.D??疾橘e語從句中充當主語的方法。what相當于the place that...。
43.C。第一空是考查插入語的用法,第二空是賓語從句以that引導。
44.D。考查it作形式賓語的用法。真正的賓語為后面的that從句。
45.D。本題考查賓語從句中包含主語從句的用法。第一空what在主語從句中作devote to的賓語。第二空be of great necessity表示“很有必要”。
46.D??疾橘e語從句中what充當主語的用法。what相當于the place that。故答案是B。
47.C。A、B項是介詞,不可接從句。此題考查“except(介詞) + 賓語從句”的用法。
48.C。在表語從句中不充當成分的用that,不可省略。故正確答案是C。
49.A。考查以whether引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語。意為:“他的能力毋庸置疑--問題是他是否準備努力工作?!惫收_答案是A。
50.B。在主語從句中不缺成分,用that,不可省略。意為:“她們是真正的姐妹,這從她們的面部長相就可看出?!惫收_答案是B。
51.B。第一空考查以what引導的從句作mind的賓語。第二空是wherever引導的讓步狀語從句。
52.B。讓步狀語從句中又帶有一個主語從句,并且作主語,用what。故正確答案是B。
53.A。在wondering后的賓語從句中,who作主語,并且?guī)в胁迦胝Zhe expects。
54.D??疾橐詗here引導的表語從句,如用C要改為:That's the building when...那就是where引導的定語從句。故正確答案是D。
55.A。whoever既引導名詞性從句作介詞to的賓語,又在從句中作主語,表示“任何一個”,不可用whoever。
56.B。... in view of his special circumstances表示“鑒于他的特殊情況”,作插人語,后面是以that引導的賓語從句。故正確答案是D。
57.C。考查以that引導的名詞性從句作fear的同位語,在從句中不充當成分。
58.C。在It’s strange / necessary / important ... that ...句型中,用虛擬語氣,should十動詞,should可以省略,但不可以換成would。
59.B。that引導的是主語從句。when the rain stops在主語從句中是時間狀語從句。
60.B。題干中的reason是同位語從句中的先行名詞,該名詞和其后的從句被介詞短語分隔,這樣給解題造成一定的難度。reason后的同位語從句用that引導。本題答案B。
61.B。本題考查賓語從句的連接詞。根據(jù)上下文的意思,后半部分說的是“我可以及時去給他送行”,說明要求提示的是“時間”。本題答案為B。
62.B。本題考查同位語從句。其中先行詞和從句部分被插入語所分隔。從句具體說明了先行名詞的內(nèi)容。本題答案為B。
第二課時
一、復習。
1.開火車讀課文,邊聽邊思考:每一段講的是什么?
2.指名學生用簡潔的話概括每一自然段的內(nèi)容。
二、讀中感悟,探究解疑。
1.學習第一段。
A.教師指名讀。
B.學生找出自己喜歡的一句話,并說明喜歡它的原因。
濕潤的東風走過荒野,在竹林中吹著口笛。
理解體會:哪一個詞語概括了東風的特點?(濕潤)從“走過”“吹著口笛”這兩個詞語中,你感悟到了什么?這句話該怎樣理解?讀了這句話,你會想到怎樣一幅畫面?
于是,一群一群的花從無人知道的地方突然跑出來,在綠草上跳舞、狂歡。
理解體會:為什么是“一群一群的花”,而不是“一朵一朵的花”呢?你認為花會從什么地方跑出來呢?教師引導,啟發(fā)想象。你從“一群一群的花從無人知道的地方突然跑出來”這句話中感悟到了什么?“狂歡”是什么意思?你能想象出花兒在綠草地上跳舞的情景嗎?
C.指導學生有感情地朗讀,背誦。
2.學習第二段。
A.學生齊聲朗讀。
B.讀中感悟,合作探究。
為什么“我”覺得“那群花朵是在地下的學校里上學”?你是怎么理解“雨一來,他們便放假了”?
3.指導學習第三段。
A.教師范讀。
B.合作探究。
樹枝在林中互相碰觸著,說明了什么?
你是怎么理解“綠葉在狂風里簌簌地響”一句的'?
“雷云拍著大手”是什么意思?
你是怎么理解“花孩子們便穿了紫的、黃的、白的衣裳”的?
你認為花孩子們沖了出來,要到哪里去?為什么?
C.教師指導朗讀。
D.學生自由朗讀。
4.學習第四段。
A.學生齊聲朗讀。
B.指導學生理解、感悟、朗讀。
小作者認為花孩子們的家在哪里?“那兒”是指哪兒?你能想象出花孩子們急急忙忙趕回家的情景嗎?在作者看來,花孩子們急急忙忙趕回家是為了什么?
C.學生自由感悟、想象。
5.小結。
三、拓展延伸。
說說你想象中花的學校是什么樣的。學生張開想象的翅膀,先在組內(nèi)交流,然后在班上交流。
板書設計:花孩子:在綠草地上跳著狂歡的舞蹈
花的學校在地下學校關了門做功課
急忙回家對媽媽揚起雙臂
語文校本教研活動方案
一、 指導思想:
按照學校工作思路和目標要求,結合教研室的校本教研分工開展研究活動的操作說明,進一步貫徹落實新課標精神,全面推進課程改革,強化課改意識,提高語文教師的整體素質(zhì)和教學質(zhì)量,學研結合,以整體推進素質(zhì)教育為核心繼續(xù)深入開展語文教學科研活動,為提升我校的教科研水平、提高教學質(zhì)量而努力。
二、 校本教研工作目標:
1要繼續(xù)扎實有效地做好語文新課程改革。
2、認真落實縣語文教學“三環(huán)節(jié)”指導意見,并做出成效。
3、加強語文常規(guī)教研管理,積極開展教育科研,扎實推進課程改革和教學創(chuàng)新,構建體現(xiàn)新的教學理念的課堂教學模式,轉(zhuǎn)變教師的教育方式和學生的學習方式,全面提高教學質(zhì)量。
4、認真做好語文學科的研究工作,落實校本教研工作。
5要切實開展新老教師結對幫扶活動。州、縣的骨干教師和學科帶頭人有義務和責任幫助青年教師,引領青年教師成長;青年教師要虛心向老教師和有經(jīng)驗的教師學習。新老教師要有針對性地互相幫助,有效提升青年教師的專業(yè)水平。
三、現(xiàn)狀分析:
優(yōu)勢分析:
優(yōu)勢一:我校擁有多名專職漢語教師,學歷達到標準;他們善于吸收新的教學理念,勇于創(chuàng)新,充滿活力。
優(yōu)勢2:全體語文教師團結協(xié)作,求真務實,學習和討論氛圍濃厚,有良好的發(fā)展基礎。
優(yōu)勢三:教學能力強,帶動成長。制度建設初具雛形。經(jīng)過專家引領和自身努力,從教師自身學習、校本教研、學生常規(guī)活動等方面均初步形成,修訂完善更促進了語文組的制度建設。
2、制約因素:
(1)教師發(fā)展狀態(tài)差異大:教師間專業(yè)發(fā)展的需求、自我提高的愿望、參與活動的主動性不一,研究能力存在較大的差異,特別是還有很多教師的理念和思維方式?jīng)]有發(fā)生明顯轉(zhuǎn)變。
(2)日常研討效度有待進一步提高:語文組花了很大的氣力組織教師們開展了豐富的研究活動,頻度增加了,但有些活動的效度、深度值得反思。如:
研究思路不清晰;在遇到問題時,他們不善于積極運用相關理論,導致缺乏本質(zhì)問題或重建能力
(3) 課堂實踐能力有待進一步加強。教學中存在“四輕四重”現(xiàn)象:重教育部門規(guī)定教材內(nèi)容的教學,輕生活中語言能力的培養(yǎng);重讀寫,輕聽說;注重書面知識的學習,忽視能力、態(tài)度和情感的培養(yǎng);注重個人零星知識的實踐,輕巧地綜合實際應用。
(4) 語文教學沒有充分體現(xiàn)學生語言學習的特點。課堂教學效率有待提高,作業(yè)安排隨意性差,不能激發(fā)學生學習語言的興趣,提高學生的語言能力。學生圍著老師轉(zhuǎn),圍著教科書轉(zhuǎn),無暇顧及外面精彩的世界,沒有充分的時間閱讀豐富的課外書籍,缺乏對語言的大量積累。
四、校本活動的階段安排
第一階段:資料的收集與整理階段(1-3周)
根據(jù)教研組成員對技術教學的不同觀點,給予兩到三周的時間進行資料收集與整理,包括專家、教師、文字資料、影音資料和觀摩學習資料等。教研組整理收集的資料。(意圖:
教研組成員收集自己意踐的理論和實踐依據(jù))
第2階段:數(shù)據(jù)學習和研究階段(第4周)
教研組成員用一周時間對自己搜集、整理的理論與實踐資料進行學習與分析研究,從中找出與主體活動相關的內(nèi)容,結合各自的觀點進行學習研究,得出論點,并以實踐經(jīng)驗和理論資料作為論據(jù)來闡明自己的觀點。
第三階段:專題研究與討論(第五周)
語文教研組全員參加。
研究討論過程:
(1) 教研組成員要根據(jù)自己的觀點作主題演講。講話要講道理,講道理,講清楚自己的觀點。
(2) 演講結束后,教研組成員根據(jù)不同意見進行了具體的調(diào)研和討論。討論要充分發(fā)揮自身實踐經(jīng)驗與理論依據(jù),對技術教學的地位進行充分論證。
(3) 負責人對研究討論結果進行了總結,得出了統(tǒng)一正確的結論。
(4)、教研組成員根據(jù)研究結果進行反思,對研究結果進行更加充分的認識。
第四階段:貫徹實施(第6周)
課題研究的結果應用于日常教學實踐,并通過實踐活動加以驗證。根據(jù)實踐檢驗的結果對活動的結論進行修正和改進,不斷提高課堂教學效益及校本教研水平。
第五階段:總結(18周)
對校本教研活動進行總結
五、校本教研活動的保證措施。
(1) 加強語文教師校本教研,促進語文教師專業(yè)發(fā)展
強調(diào)形成積極主動的學習態(tài)度,使學生獲得基礎知識和基本技能的過程同時,成為學生學會學習和形成正確價值觀的過程。認真學習各種先進的教育理念和教學方法,書籍、報刊和雜志,利用業(yè)余時間,轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,更新知識,練就扎實的基本功,逐步提高自己的綜合素養(yǎng)。
在業(yè)務學習的時間,帶領老師們領悟?qū)W習《細則》標準和縣語文教學“三環(huán)節(jié)”要求,理解新課程的結構、課程的實施及課程的評價。通過看光盤、聽講座、開展專題討論活動,讓教師了解新課程標準精神和新的教育教學理念。在語文教研中,注重將理論學習與教學實際中出現(xiàn)的問題或困難緊密結合,通過組內(nèi)教師間的交流與學習,開展有效提高課堂教學質(zhì)量的討論交流活動。
加強課堂教學實踐,開展研究。教研組的活動促進了教師的互助。在集體備課中,老師們互相討論教材,教學方法,教學程序和培訓方法。
討論了教師對教材的處理方式、教學設計、學生自主學習活動的安排。講公開課時教研組成員都參加。評課時老師們即要講出授課者的成功之處,還要坦誠地指出其存在的不足,提出建議使授課后的教案不斷成熟。
教研組根據(jù)題自己的子課題研究方案,**在常態(tài)課中如何扎實有效的落實課題思想,通過不斷的課后的反思,逐步轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,改進課堂教學方式,提高課堂教學質(zhì)量。
(二)探索方法、培養(yǎng)能力:
1、積極開展校本教研活動,努力解決在新課程改革中遇到的各種問題,營造良好的教研氛圍,促進校本教研制度的建設。創(chuàng)新集體備課,利用備課小組開展集體備課活動,設計富有個性的教案;深化反思型教研活動,包括課堂教學反思、課題研究反思、個人成長反思、課前和課后反思;教師在開展教研活動時,要做到“三結合”,即和教學實際相結合,和學生實際相結合,和現(xiàn)有教學文件相結合,做到:“五心”即:
合作要同心,正式現(xiàn)狀要真心,探求方法要專心,過程操作要用心,經(jīng)驗總結要可心,實施“五個一”校本教研制度:每周做一次教后反思,每月寫一篇教學案例或隨筆,每學期至少讀一本教育專著,每學期寫一份經(jīng)驗總結或教學**,每學期上一節(jié)公開教學研討課。
2、認真抓好課題實驗,以課題帶動科研。完善課題組管理制度,落實項目負責人責任制,落實項目研究計劃,定期開展研討交流活動。鼓勵教師開展行動研究,積極研究和解決教學中存在的問題。
結合我??蒲姓n題,帶領老師們在教學實踐中進行了大膽嘗試,力爭使每一節(jié)課的教學,都能夠轉(zhuǎn)變學生的學習方式,能夠重視學生自主學習能力的培養(yǎng),能夠充分發(fā)揮學生的主體性,能夠激發(fā)學生的主動意識和**精神。
課堂上我們要求教師在教學過程中要與學生積極互動、共同發(fā)展,要處理好傳授知識與培養(yǎng)能力的關系,注重培養(yǎng)學生的獨立性和自主性,引導學生質(zhì)疑、調(diào)查、**,在實踐中學習,促進學生在教師指導下主動地、富有個性的學習。教師要深入了解每一個學生,尊重學生的人格,關注個體差異,滿足不同學生的學習需要,在精心研究教材的基礎上,結合課題思想有效地進行分層次教學。創(chuàng)設能引導全體學生主動參與的教育教學環(huán)境,引導所有學生樹立自主學習的觀念,激發(fā)學生主動求知的欲望,讓全體學生的學習都能產(chǎn)生不同程度的實質(zhì)性變化。
教師利用多**課件培養(yǎng)學生的自主學習能力;營造生動的學習環(huán)境,讓學生積極合作學習;聯(lián)系生活實際和動手操作,培養(yǎng)學生自主探索的能力的教學方法今后還要繼續(xù)改進和實踐。通過學生自主、獨立地發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、實驗、操作、調(diào)查、搜集與處理信息、表達與交流等探索活動,使學生獲得知識、技能、情感與態(tài)度的發(fā)展,特別是探索精神和創(chuàng)新能力的發(fā)展。
(三)依據(jù)特點、具體實施:
根據(jù)學科特點和不同等級,制定具體目標和措施。
語文課堂教學重點:是通過嘗試**式等多種教學方式、采用錄音、投影及現(xiàn)代化教學手段,注重激發(fā)學生的學習欲望,培養(yǎng)學生自主學習的意識和習慣,有層次、有措施的整體提高學生的語文素養(yǎng)。
1低年級:關注學生的識字興趣。通過多種識字教學方法,制作適當、直觀、直觀的教具、教具和課件,有效提高學生識字的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。
在課堂上,要創(chuàng)設豐富多彩的教學情境,創(chuàng)造更多的機會,讓學生通過看、聽、說、演等方式掌握關鍵詞的含義。在教給學生識字方法的同時,力求識用結合。學校不定期對學生詞義掌握情況進行抽查和評價。
在發(fā)現(xiàn)情況不好之后,我們應該及時彌補。
2中級:注重學生閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)。課堂上不以教師的分析代替學生的閱讀和實踐,要營造一種有利于學生參與的教學氛圍和環(huán)境,要啟發(fā)學生自己去想、去說、主動觀察,善于發(fā)現(xiàn),真正實現(xiàn)學生的參與鼓勵學生說出自己的感受、理解和體驗。
教學中要讓學生感到是在尊重的前提下進行學習和生活。讓學生堅持寫周記,建立好詞佳句摘抄本,每周背誦一句名人名言。使用平時積累的語言材料,您可以自由地說和寫所見和感覺。
三。高年級:鼓勵學生閱讀大量有用的書籍,背誦優(yōu)秀的詩歌。通過寫日記和讀筆記,積累寫作材料。
學校應該每學期檢查學生的閱讀筆記。嘗試采用師生、生生自改互改等作文評價方式,提高寫作能力和水平。
4每個年級都要重視閱讀在語文教學中的作用。讀要有明確的目的,讀思要結合,加強對讀的指導,選擇讀的方式,采用多種手段,引導學生讀中感悟,創(chuàng)設無意識學習情境,引導學生主動學習。要做到:
讀的充分一些,講得精當一些,練得實在一些。培養(yǎng)和提高學生理解課文的能力。
6口語交際應突出雙向互動的特點。
教研活動周歷表
第一周:
1、 學習《河北省普通中小管理基本規(guī)范》和學校工作計劃、教學工作計劃、教研工作計劃。
2、 學習縣語文教學“三環(huán)節(jié)”實施意見。
三。結合實際,提出了當前語文教學中存在的問題
4. * *聽有關中文教學光盤材料的專家講座。第二周
模塊四 Unit3 Tomorrow’s world
【考點透視】
I 重點短語
one’s wildest dream 做夢都沒想到的事
1. dream of / about… 夢想……
dream a … dream 做……的夢
give out ①散發(fā)出、放出;②分發(fā);③宣布;④被用完
give away ①頒發(fā)(獎品等);②贈送;③泄漏
2. give in 讓步、妥協(xié)
give off 散發(fā)出 (味道)
give up 放棄
3. put forward:①前進;②提出(計劃等)、建議;③撥快(鐘表)的針 (→put back)
4. but / except / except for / besides
①but和except 都表示“除了……之外,沒有”,二者在多數(shù)情況下可以互換。
②no (all, nobody, nothing , no one) 后多用but。
③跟賓語從句時,多用except。
④except for“除……之外;要不是”,以保留的方式對整個句子內(nèi)容進行修正。
⑤besides 與except,but用于否定句時,可互換。
① ~ + n. 使某人印象深刻
5. impress v. ② be +-ed + by / at / with (常用被動,無進行式)
③ impress sth. on sb. = impress sb. with sth. 使某人銘記某事
impression n. give sb. a deep impression
= leave / make a deep impression on sb.
= leave sb. with a deep impression
end in 以……告終 Their project ended in failure.
end (up) …with 以……告終/ 結束…… The party ended up with an English song.
6. put an end to… 使……終止 = bring … to an end
come to an end vi. 結束
to the end 到最后
make ends meet使收支相抵,量入為出
announce 指正式地“公開”、“發(fā)表”、“宣布”,側(cè)重“預告”人們所關心或感興趣的事情。常用結構:announce (to sb) sth/ that… ; It is announced that …
7. declare 指正式和明確地向公眾“宣布”、“宣告”、“聲明”,側(cè)重“當眾”發(fā)表,多用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和、宣判等。
常用結構:declare sth. ;declare against / for…; declare sb. / sth. to be …
responsible adj. be ~ for sb. / sth. / doing sth. 對……負責
8. responsibility n. take/ assume (the) ~ for … 對……負責
a sense of ~ 責任感
= put up 豎立;搭起
= establish (an organization, business, etc.) 建立;創(chuàng)立
8. set up set (sb.) up as ... 使……從事某種職業(yè)
set (up) an example to sb. 樹立榜樣
set (up) a record 創(chuàng)記錄
比較: set up / build / found / put up / build up
set up:基本意思是“把某物架好”、“豎起”。表示“建立”、“創(chuàng)立”時,既可以用于建筑物,也可以用于機構、設施。多用于口語中。
build:“建設”、“建造”,是普通用詞,用法最廣。其對象可以是房屋、道路、飛機等具體的東西,也可以是社會制度、人際關系等抽象概念。有時還可以引申為“培養(yǎng)、發(fā)展、增強”等含義。
found:“成立”、“創(chuàng)辦”。通常用于黨團組織、學校、國家、政權等機構從無到有的“創(chuàng)辦”,也可表示某種學說或理論的“創(chuàng)立”。
put up:“把某物升起”、“舉起”。表示“建設”時,多指“搭起”臨時性的建筑物。
build up:多指“增強 / 加強(體力,體質(zhì)等)”。也可以指“蓋滿房子”,常用被動。
v. = express 表達、吐露 ~ one’s opinions
n. at the top of one’s ~ 大聲地
9. voice in a loud / low ~ 大聲地/ 低聲地
with one ~ 異口同聲地
a loud-voiced man 大嗓門的人
in one’s ~ = in the ~ of sb. 在某人看來
give / express one’s ~ on / upon… 對……發(fā)表意見
10. opinion have a good / bad/ high/ low/ poor ~ of sb./ sth. 對……評價/ 印象好/ 不好
have no ~ of … 認為……不行
What’s your ~ of sb. / sth.? 你對某人或某事有什么看法?
public ~ 輿論 (這里的opinion 是不可數(shù)名詞)
比較:opinion / idea / thought
opinion 作名詞解,意為“看法、見解”
idea 意為“主意、想法”
thought 意為“思想(指經(jīng)過思考而形成的概念)”
trip 短時期來往的商業(yè)旅行和觀光旅行
journey 陸地上由一地到另一地的旅行。還用于含有“比喻”的句子中。
11. travel 泛指旅行、游歷,是“旅行”的最普通的用語,但無路程的含義。
tour 常指訪問多次的觀光旅行,常指周游后回到原出發(fā)地之意。
voyage 指海上旅行。
n. ①[U] (物理上的)力、力量 the ~ of wind / gravity 風力/ 重力
②[U]暴力、武力 by ~ 用武力
③[C]常用pl. 軍隊、部隊 the air ~ 空軍
12. force v. ① ~ sb. to do sth. = ~ sb. into doing sth. 強迫某人做某事
② ~ sb. + adj. / adv. 如:~ one’s foot into a shoe 將腳硬塞入鞋內(nèi)
③ ~ sth. on sb. 把……強加于某人
④ ~ one’s way 強行前進
II重點句型
1. Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced.
2. In reality, my grandfather can no longer walk, …
3. In my opinion, it is about time (that) we had new computers.
該句型中,that從句的謂語動詞常用過去式,也可以是should +動詞原形,should有時可省略。
【題例精析】
【例1】 It’s high time that we students ________ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer. (連云港3月交流卷)
A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work
【易錯點悟】解答該題的關鍵是要注意在句型It’s time that...結構中虛擬結構的使用。
【答案解析】在It is time that ...句型結構中,從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬結構,可以用一般過去時,也可以用should +動詞原形,但should不可省略。
【答案】C
【例2】 My _______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.
A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought
【易錯點悟】考查名詞辨析。
【要點精析】idea指“想法,主意”,opinion指“意見,主張”,mind指“思維,理智”,thought指“想法”。根據(jù)語意,應選A。
【答案】A
【單元檢測】
單項填空
1. The cinema looks very old because of its traditional design. _________, it was finished only two months ago.
A. In reality B. In turn
C. But D. What’s more
2. ―Hurry up! I’m afraid we have no time to _____ before the party.
―Coming!
A. get to change B. get changed
C. get changing D. get change
3. ―How do you find the play last night?
― Very disappointing. The play was badly acted, ________ being too long.
A. but B. including
C. besides D. except
4. She ______ a proposal for the electoral reform last month, but it hasn’t been approved by the board.
A. put forth B. put about
C. put by D. put forward
5. ―I always thought you were a nurse.
―Really? I wonder how you got that ______.
A. plan B. image
C. impression D. sense
6. ―Is Bob still performing?
―I’m afraid not. He is said _______ the stage already.
A. to have left B. to leave
C. to be left D. to have been left
7. Every time she tried to argue with her husband, she ended up ______ her eyes out.
A. to cry B. cried
C. crying D. cry
8. The trip to the Great Wall in 2007 summer _______ me with a deep impression.
A. reminded B. left
C. kept D. stayed
9. ―How often do you refer to the dictionary when you are reading an English novel?
― Well, ________. I will look up the word if it affects my understanding.
A. never B. very often
C. it depends D. if possible
10. - What’s the matter with you?
- After the long walk, my legs _________ and I couldn’t go any further.
A. gave out B. gave off
C. gave in D. gave up
11. Thank you so much. You _____ me from an embarrassing situation.
A. remember B. recover
C. rescue D. reserve
12. _________ decision you make, we will always support you.
A. whichever B. Whatever
C. However D. Wherever
13. Parents should allow children the space to ________ their opinions, even if they are different from their own.
A. voice B. speak
C. say D. put
14. The project ________ considered thoroughly, and I’m sure it ______ finished on time.
A. must; may B. should be; can be
C. need; should D. must be; may be
15. _________ picking up the phone, I recognized her voice.
A. Upon B. At
C. With D. As
完形填空
The yearly marathon (a long-distance running race of 42.195 km) in my town usually occurs during a heat wave. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance 16 any of them needed medical attention.
“We’re supposed to stay behind the 17 runner, so take it slowly,” I said to the driver, Doug, as the race started.
The front-runners started to 18 and then my eyes were 19 to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a loose white T-shirt.
We knew we were already watching our “l(fā)ast runner.” Her 20 were so crippled (殘疾的) that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk, 21 alone run a marathon.
Doug and I 22 in silence as she slowly moved forward. 23 , she was the only runner left in sight. Tears streamed down my face when I watched with respect 24 she pushed forward with great 25 through the last miles.
When the finish line came into sight, rubbish lay everywhere and the 26 crowds had long gone home. 27 , standing straight and ever so proud 28 a lone man. He was 29 one end of a ribbon (緞帶) of crepe paper (皺紙) 30 to a post. She slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the paper fluttering (飄揚) behind her.
I do not know this woman’s name, but that day she became a part of my 31 - a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about 32 the other runners or winning a prize, but about 33 what she had set out to do, no matter 34 . When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,” I think of the last runner. Then I realize how 35 the task before me really is.
16.A. so that B. in case C. even though D. only if
17.A. first B. best C. only D. last
18.A. run B. separate C. disappear D. appear
19.A. drawn B. thrown C. fixed D. caught
20.A. hands B. legs C. arms D. body
21.A. let B. leave C. speak D. take
22.A. watched B. drove C. observed D. stared
23.A. Quickly B. Unluckily C. Naturally D. Finally
24.A. since B. before C. as D. until
25.A. pain B. determination C. strength D. desire
26.A. fired B. waiting C. cheering D. impatient
27.A. Besides B. Therefore C. Yet D. Fortunately
28.A. stood B. waited C. came D. had
29.A. helping B. catching C. holding D. tying
30.A. kept B. tied C. connected D. led
31.A. dream B. feeling C. idea D. life
32.A. following B. hoping C. encouraging D. beating
33.A. finishing B. realizing C. starting D. winning
34.A. where B. how C. when D. what
35.A. difficult B. interesting C. easy D. hopeful
閱讀理解
(A)
Now we are always hearing about road accidents and when we’re in a car we try to drive carefully, but how many of us take the same degree of care in our homes? Any large hospital will tell you the number of accidents that happen in the home is almost the same as those on the road. I don’t pretend to be an expert, but I’ve thought a lot about how and why these accidents happen and what we can do to prevent them.
One of the commonest and most dangerous causes of home accidents is wrong and careless use of electrical equipment. People will continue to use a loose plug or pull out a plug without first turning off the power. In spite of warnings, one will carry an electric heater into the bathroom when he is going to have a bath. Sometimes one forgets to cut off the power before mending a lamp or something else. All this will cause accidents. So the rule about anything that works by electricity is: Switch off before you touch anything and don’t pretend you know when you actually don’t.
If you’ve got children in the house, it’s always best to keep medicines of any kind out of their reach. Otherwise, they may be taken for candies or a new kind of drink. When there are older people living with you, you have to take particular care in a number of ways in order to make them safe and happy.
Fire, of course, is always a risk. So, remember not to dry clothes in front of fires, or leave stoves in the middle of rooms where they can easily be knocked over. And don’t forget to keep the children away from fire. Smoking, too, causes fire. So you’d better give it up.
Safety first may mean a little more time and care, but it may save you a lot of trouble.
36. The writer thinks the reason why there are so many accidents in our home is that we are _______.
A. less careful in our homes than in a car
B. more careful in our homes than in a car
C. as careful in our homes as in a car
D. not so careful in a car as in our homes
37. The writer advises you _______ about the use of electrical equipment.
A. to appear as if you know everything
B. to pretend that you don’t know anything
C. to pretend that you know everything
D. not to think you know everything
38. It’s best to keep medicines in places that children can’t __________.
A. get on B. get to
C. get in D. get over
39. One way to prevent fires at home is to _________.
A. leave stoves in the middle of the rooms
B. dry clothes near stoves
C. tell children to stay away from fire
D. smoke away from fires
(B)
Through all of human history, rats have been a curse and a plague (禍害) to people. They eat or spoil crops of grain and rice before they can be harvested or while they are in storage. In India, where millions of people go hungry, there are ten times as many rats as people. Rats devour half of the available food. Rats will also attack birds and animals, from flogs and chicks to geese and young calves. They have even destroyed dams and buildings by making holes through or under them. Sometimes they cause fires by chewing on electrical wiring.
The most terrible destruction caused by rats, however, has come from the diseases they carry. In the fourteenth century, rats caused the death of one-third of the world’s human population by transmitting bubonic plague (淋巴腺鼠疫). This dreadful outbreak also called the Black Plague, ravaged (嚴重損壞) Europe for years.
Ironically, it is in fighting diseases that rats have been most useful to humanity. The bodies of rats, though quite different from those of humans, have certain basic structural similarities. So thousands of specially bred rats are used in research laboratories every year to test medicines that can possibly be used to prolong and improve human life. As might be expected, some laboratory rats are even used to test new procedures and methods for eliminating their cousins - the wild rats.
40. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A. the different kinds of damages caused by rats.
B. how terrible the rats are to us humans.
C. how to kill rats in proper ways.
D. why we should kill rats every day.
41. According to the passage, the underlined word “devour” in the first paragraph means
A. damage B. eat up
C. destroy D. steal
42. In the 14th century, about one third of the world’s human population died because ______.
A. big fires broke out in Europe
B. rats spread the plague throughout Europe
C. rats spread poison in water
D. people had no food to eat at that time
43. Rats are often used to test new medicines for us humans because ______________.
A. rats are easy to catch in the wild
B. researchers don’t have to pay much for rats
C. rats and humans are a little similar in their basic structures
D. humans want to keep the world out of rats
對話填空
Four people in an advertising firm are discussing a future advertising programme. (B=Bob)
A: OK. Our plan is to (44) p_______ an advertisement for this famous computer. Any ideas?
B: I think it would be a good idea to have (45) c_______ from secretaries and typists who are already using it. Then they can (46) e______ their satisfaction with the product.
C: Do you think so? Do you think managers want to read what users think about a new piece of office equipment?
D: I agree with Bob. I think we should have a picture of the computer and give a (47) d_________ of the product.
B: I’m afraid I can’t agree with you. That’s a good way of giving (48) i_______, but it’s not a good way of persuading people. For one thing, it’s boring, and people aren’t going to read an ad that looks boring. For (49) a_______ thing, one computer looks very like another. People aren’t going to remember the (50) n_________ of the product.
A: So what exactly are you suggesting?
B: I suggest that we ask users of this machine what they think about it. Then we can put their comments at the top of the advertisement in big print. We can bring in some humor too. People enjoy reading (51) h_______ ads.
D: The disadvantage (52) w______ carrying out interviews is that it may take a long time.
B: No problem. We can do some telephone (53) i______ with our users.
(44) _________
(45) _________
(46) _________
(47) _________
(48) _________
(49) _________
(50) _________
(51) _________
(52) _________
(53) _________
書面表達
假設你的英文名為Jack,是英國諾丁漢大學的中國留學生。你負責為在該校就讀的32名中國學生籌劃圣誕節(jié)期間的蘇格蘭之行,為期7天,請你給諾丁漢的STA (Students’ Travel Agency)經(jīng)理Phil發(fā)一封電子郵件,聯(lián)系有關事宜。要點如下:
(1)希望能夠派車接送;
(2)需要一名說標準英語,并非常熟悉蘇格蘭的導游;
(3)請求告知旅行日程及就餐、旅館、費用等情況;
(4)你的聯(lián)系方式:電子郵箱地址:Jack @ yahoo. 或電話號碼:07747745007
注意: (1)詞數(shù):100詞左右; (2)開頭和結尾已為你寫出,不計人總詞數(shù);
(3)參考詞匯:旅館住宿accommodation;旅行日程安排itinerary; 長途客車coach
發(fā)件人: Jack @ yahoo.
收件人: “Manager Nottingham King St”
日期: Fri, 5 Dec 2007 11:29
主題: A Trip to Scotland
Hi, Phil,
I’d like you to organize a trip to Scotland for us.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours Truly,
Jack
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案解析】
【單項填空】
1.A。根據(jù)題意,前后兩個句子之間并非遞進關系,則可排除D項。B項意為“依次、逐個地”,不合題意。C項中But后一般不用逗號隔開。A項意為“事實上、實際上”,最符合題意。
2.B。get changed意為“換衣服”。
3.C??疾樵~語辨析。根據(jù)題意,was badly acted和being too long都是導致disappointing的因素,C項“除了……之外(還有)”,正合題意。若選A項和D項,則表明這兩個因素是對立的,不合邏輯。若選B項,則表明后一因素包括在前一因素之中,也不合題意。故C項最佳。
4.D??疾閯釉~短語辨析。A項“長出(葉、芽等)”。B項“散布、傳播(不實的消息等)”。C項“攢錢、積蓄”。D項“提出、提議、建議”。
5.C??疾槊~。根據(jù)題意,C意為“印象”。
6.A。不定式的完成式表示動作“l(fā)eave”先于主句動作“said”之前發(fā)生。
7.C。end up doing 意為“以……告終”。
8.B??疾榱晳T搭配。leave sb. with a deep impression意為“給某人留下很深的印象”。
9.C。考查交際用語。it depends意為“視情況”。
10.A。此處give out譯為“筋疲力盡,用盡力氣”,全句譯為:長途后,我的雙腿已筋疲力盡,不能再走了,而give off為“出發(fā),放出”;give in為“屈服”;give up為“放棄”。
11.C。rescue sb. from …把某人從……中解救出來。
12.B。whatever引導的是讓步狀語從句,相當于no matter what。
13.A。voice one’s opinions 意為“表達某人的觀點”。
14.B??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞的被動式的用法。
15.A。upon/ on + sth/ doing sth.意為“一……就……”。at doing sth. 意為“一聽到/看到……就……”。
【完形填空】
這是一篇夾敘夾議的短文。作者首先敘述在一次馬拉松比賽中目睹“最后一位選手”:一位殘疾婦女憑堅強的意志跑完全程的感人故事,最后通過議論,表達了自己對這位婦女的敬仰以及所受到的鼓舞。
16.B。in case (that)引導條件狀語從句,意為“萬一”。
17.D。由后文可知,作者和司機應是跟在“最后”一位選手的后面。
18.C。最后一位選手是殘疾人,與跑在前面的選手差距很大,故只有前面的選手開始“消失”時,作者才能注意到她。
19.A。表示目光“被吸引”。
20.B。這位婦女幾乎都不能走,因此應是她的“腿’有殘疾。
21.A。let alone是固定短語,意為“更不用說”。
22.A。此處應是有意識地“注視”。
23.D。由前后文的邏輯關系判斷,此處表示的是“時間”關系。敘述比賽進行到“最后”的情況。
24.C。as引導時間狀語從句,當“一邊……一邊……”講,表示前后萌個動作同時發(fā)生。
25.B。由全文判斷,這位殘疾婦女應是意志“堅定”。
26.C。此處應是前來“加油助威的人群(cheering crowd)”。
27.C??疾楦痹~所表示的邏輯關系,上下文應是“轉(zhuǎn)折關系”。
28.B。這位殘疾婦女唯一的支持者一直在終點線那兒自豪地“等著”她。
29.C。此處應是“握著”緞帶的一端。
30.B。緞帶的一端“系”在一根柱子上,讓這位跑在最后的選手“撞線”。
31.D。這位殘疾婦女成為作者“人生”的一部分,時刻鼓舞著他。
32.D。這價婦女參賽的目的顯然不是“擊敗”別的選手或獲獎。
33.A。這位婦女參賽是想通過自己的努力去“完成”自己想干的事情。
34.D。這位婦女去“完成”自己想干的事情,不管是“什么”事情。
35.C。作者受到鼓舞,再難的事情也變得“容易”了。
【閱讀理解】
36.A。從文章第一段的第二句和文章第二段我們可知,由于人們在家的粗心造成的事故。
37.D。從文章第二段的最后一句話可知答案為D項。
38.B。從文章第三段的第一句話可知答案為B,即藥品應放在孩子夠不著的地方。
39.C。從文章最后一段可知,孩子應遠離火。
40.A。第一段主要講述了老鼠給人類帶來的各種破壞和災難。
41.B。由上下文和后面的available food可知,devour應是“吃下;吞下”之意。
42.B。從本文的第二段可知,14世紀歐洲鼠疫泛濫,導致了歐洲很多年都在“黑死病”的籠罩之中,造成了大量的死亡。
43.C。由最后一段第二句可知。
【對話填空】
44. produce 45. comments 46. express 47. description 48. information
49. another 50. name 51. humorous 52. with 53. interviews
【書面表達】
Hi, Phil,
I’d like you to organize a trip to Scotland for us. I have here a group of 32 Chinese students studying in Nottingham University, who want to go on a seven-day tour during the Christmas days. I hope we can have a coach which will take us to Scotland and then bring us back to Nottingham. We also need a guide who speaks standard English and knows Scotland well. I would be very grateful if you can work out an itinerary as soon as possible and tell me about our accommodation, meals as well as how much each of us has to pay. If you have any information, please either email me or call me at 07747745007.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours Truly.
Jack
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